Phytohormonal Roles in Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stress: Implications for Using Macrophytes in Phytoremediation of Aquatic Ecosystems,Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Phytohormonal Roles in Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stress: Implications for Using Macrophytes in Phytoremediation of Aquatic Ecosystems
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.4909
Thien Q Nguyen ₁ , Verena Sesin ₂ , Anna Kisiala ₁ , R J Neil Emery ₁

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Heavy metals can represent a threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Unlike organic chemicals, heavy metals cannot be eliminated by natural processes such as their degradation into less toxic compounds, and this creates unique challenges for their remediation from soil, water, and air. Phytoremediation, defined as the use of plants for the removal of environmental contaminants, has many benefits compared to other pollution‐reducing methods. Phytoremediation is simple, efficient, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly because it can be carried out at the polluted site, which simplifies logistics and minimizes exposure to humans and wildlife. Macrophytes represent a unique tool to remediate diverse environmental media because they can accumulate heavy metals from contaminated sediment via roots, from water via submerged leaves, and from air via emergent shoots. In this review, a synopsis is presented about how plants, especially macrophytes, respond to heavy metal stress; and we propose potential roles that phytohormones can play in the alleviation of metal toxicity in the aquatic environment. We focus on the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in organs of macrophytes and give examples of how phytohormones interact with plant defense systems under heavy metal exposure. We advocate for a more in‐depth understanding of these processes to inform more effective metal remediation techniques from metal‐polluted water bodies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:7–22. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

植物激素在植物对重金属胁迫响应中的作用：在水生生态系统植物修复中使用大型植物的意义

重金属可能对水生生态系统的健康构成威胁。与有机化学品不同，重金属无法通过自然过程消除，例如将其降解为毒性较低的化合物，这给从土壤、水和空气中修复它们带来了独特的挑战。植物修复，定义为使用植物去除环境污染物，与其他减少污染的方法相比有很多好处。植物修复简单、高效、具有成本效益且环保，因为它可以在受污染的地点进行，从而简化了物流并最大限度地减少了人类和野生动物的接触。大型植物代表了一种独特的工具来修复各种环境介质，因为它们可以通过根从受污染的沉积物，通过淹没的叶子从水中积累重金属，并通过新芽从空气中提取。在这篇综述中，概述了植物，尤其是大型植物如何应对重金属胁迫；我们提出了植物激素在减轻水生环境中金属毒性方面的潜在作用。我们专注于重金属在大型植物器官中的吸收、易位和积累机制，并举例说明在重金属暴露下植物激素如何与植物防御系统相互作用。我们提倡对这些过程有更深入的了解，以提供更有效的金属污染水体金属修复技术。我们提出了植物激素在减轻水生环境中金属毒性方面的潜在作用。我们专注于重金属在大型植物器官中的吸收、易位和积累机制，并举例说明在重金属暴露下植物激素如何与植物防御系统相互作用。我们提倡对这些过程有更深入的了解，以提供更有效的金属污染水体金属修复技术。我们提出了植物激素在减轻水生环境中金属毒性方面的潜在作用。我们专注于重金属在大型植物器官中的吸收、易位和积累机制，并举例说明在重金属暴露下植物激素如何与植物防御系统相互作用。我们提倡对这些过程有更深入的了解，以提供更有效的金属污染水体金属修复技术。环境毒理学化学2021；40:7-22。© 2020 SETAC

更新日期：2020-12-23

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