Potentially handicapped but otherwise functional: Malformations in prey capture tools show no impacts on octopus life,Ecology and Evolution

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Potentially handicapped but otherwise functional: Malformations in prey capture tools show no impacts on octopus life
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-17 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6903
Fernando Ángel Fernández-Álvarez _{1,

2} , Marc Farré ₁ , Antoni Sánchez-Márquez ₁ , Roger Villanueva ₁ , Oscar Escolar ₁ , Joan Navarro ₁

Affiliation

Larval mortality is a keystone ecological factor for many benthic octopus since it mostly occurs before their settlement in the sea bottom as benthic juveniles. The literature had revealed that records of adult animals with morphological abnormalities (teratologies) are fewer in species with complex life cycle than in those with direct development. This is a direct consequence of the morphological, physiological, and development challenges that the transition from the larval to the adult morphology represents. During a routine fishing sample, we found an immature female horned octopus with additional buccal structures in two suckers of its ventral arms, likely rendering these suckers as inefficient. Based on the literature about the natural history of octopus, we provide evidence that these abnormalities were present at the moment of hatch. We evaluated the impact of the teratologies by comparing the shape of the buccal beaks and the trophic niche of the individual with five normal conspecifics. Although the beaks showed a different shape than normal individuals, the trophic niche was similar. Surprisingly, the teratological condition of the individual likely had no severe impacts on its life, even though it likely represents a handicap for its survival during its planktonic life. We also comment on other previous records from the literature of teratological adult octopus to highlight the amazing adaptive capacity of octopus to deal with challenging morphologies.

中文翻译：

可能有缺陷，但功能正常：猎物捕获工具的畸形对章鱼的生命没有影响

幼体死亡率是许多底栖章鱼的关键生态因素，因为它主要发生在它们作为底栖幼体定居在海底之前。文献显示，与直接发育的物种相比，具有复杂生命周期的物种中存在形态异常（畸形）的成年动物的记录较少。这是从幼虫到成虫形态转变所代表的形态、生理和发育挑战的直接结果。在例行捕鱼样本中，我们发现一只未成熟的雌性角章鱼在其腹臂的两个吸盘中具有额外的颊结构，这可能导致这些吸盘效率低下。根据有关章鱼自然史的文献，我们提供了证据表明这些异常现象在孵化时就存在。我们通过比较颊喙的形状和个体与五个正常同种的营养生态位来评估畸形的影响。尽管喙的形状与正常个体不同，但营养位相似。令人惊讶的是，该个体的畸形状况可能对其生活没有严重影响，尽管它可能对其浮游生活中的生存构成障碍。我们还对畸形成年章鱼文献中的其他记录进行了评论，以强调章鱼应对具有挑战性的形态的惊人适应能力。

更新日期：2020-12-03

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