The study investigated the effects of three active components in Eucommia ulmoides on growth, flesh quality and muscle transcriptomics of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Quercetin (QC), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and geniposide (GP) were individually supplemented into basal diet (control) at 400 mg/kg, and then, the four diets were fed to grass carp (18.50 ± 0.40 g) for 60 days. The results indicated that dietary CGA rather than QC and GP significantly improved growth performance. Compared to the control, dietary QC decreased the flesh centrifugal loss and thawing loss, and increased hardness and free amino acid level (p < .05), while dietary CGA only increased the free amino acids in flesh (p < .05). Dietary QC and CGA also increased the n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid level and n‐3/n‐6 ratio in flesh (p < .05). Transcriptome profiling of muscle, the changes of genes and pathways in the QC group are speculated to be involved in energy production and myofibril composition and contraction, which may affect the flesh quality. The changes of fatty acid composition and free amino acid content induced by dietary QC and CGA may be realized by lipid and energy metabolism. In conclusion, dietary CGA improved the growth and flesh nutritional value, and QC improved the flesh quality of grass carp.

中文翻译：

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基于转录组学的杜仲中三种有效成分对草鱼生长和肉质的影响

该研究调查了杜仲中的三种活性成分对草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）的生长，肉质和肌肉转录组学的影响。将槲皮素（QC），绿原酸（CGA）和子苷（GP）分别补充到基础饮食（对照组）中，剂量为400 mg / kg，然后将这四种饮食饲喂草鱼（18.50±0.40 g），持续60天。结果表明，饮食中的CGA而非QC和GP显着改善了生长性能。与对照组相比，日粮质量控制降低了果肉的离心损失和解冻损失，并增加了硬度和游离氨基酸水平（p  <.05），而日粮CGA仅增加了果肉中的游离氨基酸（p <.05）。饮食质量控制和CGA也增加了肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的含量和n-3 / n-6的比例（p  <.05）。推测肌肉的转录组分析，QC组的基因和途径的变化与能量产生以及肌原纤维的组成和收缩有关，这可能会影响肉的品质。饮食QC和CGA诱导的脂肪酸组成和游离氨基酸含量的变化可以通过脂质和能量代谢来实现。总之，日粮CGA改善了草鱼的生长和肉的营养价值，QC改善了草鱼的肉品质。