Pneumonia and respiratory infections impact infants and children with Down syndrome; pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in adults with Down syndrome. We aimed to review the literature to evaluate gaps and address key questions. A series of key questions were formulated a priori to inform the search strategy and review process; addressed prevalence, severity, etiology, risk factors, preventive methods, screening, and financial costs, potential benefits or harms of screening. Using the National Library of Medicine database, PubMed, detailed literature searches on pneumonia and respiratory infections in Down syndrome were performed. Previously identified review articles were also assessed. The quality of available evidence was then evaluated and knowledge gaps were identified. Forty‐two relevant original articles were identified which addressed at least one key question. Study details including research design, internal validity, external validity, and relevant results are presented. Pneumonia and respiratory infections are more prevalent and more severe in individuals with Down syndrome compared to healthy controls through literature review, yet there are gaps in the literature regarding the etiology of pneumonia, the infectious organism, risk factors for infection, and to guide options for prevention and screening. There is urgent need for additional research studies in Down syndrome, especially in the time of the current COVID‐19 pandemic.

中文翻译：

---

唐氏综合症的肺炎和呼吸道感染：文献综述

肺炎和呼吸道感染影响患有唐氏综合症的婴幼儿；肺炎是唐氏综合症成年人死亡的主要原因。我们旨在审查文献以评估差距并解决关键问题。先验提出了一系列关键问题，以告知搜索策略和审查过程；解决了患病率，严重性，病因，危险因素，预防方法，筛查和财务成本，筛查的潜在利益或危害。使用PubMed国家医学图书馆数据库，对唐氏综合症的肺炎和呼吸道感染进行了详细的文献检索。还评估了先前确定的评论文章。然后评估现有证据的质量并找出知识差距。确定了42篇相关的原始文章，这些文章至少解决了一个关键问题。介绍了研究细节，包括研究设计，内部有效性，外部有效性和相关结果。通过文献综述，与健康对照组相比，唐氏综合症患者的肺炎和呼吸道感染更为普遍，也更为严重，但是关于肺炎的病因，传染性生物体，感染的危险因素以及指导选择的方法，文献上仍存在空白。预防和筛查。迫切需要对唐氏综合症进行更多的研究，尤其是在当前的COVID-19大流行期间。通过文献综述，与健康对照组相比，唐氏综合症患者的肺炎和呼吸道感染更为普遍，也更为严重，但是关于肺炎的病因，传染性生物体，感染的危险因素以及指导选择的方法，文献上仍存在空白。预防和筛查。迫切需要对唐氏综合症进行更多的研究，尤其是在当前的COVID-19大流行期间。通过文献综述，与健康对照组相比，唐氏综合症患者的肺炎和呼吸道感染更为普遍，也更为严重，但是关于肺炎的病因，传染性生物体，感染的危险因素以及指导选择的方法，文献上仍存在空白。预防和筛查。迫切需要对唐氏综合症进行更多的研究，尤其是在当前的COVID-19大流行期间。