In this work, the impact of microwave (MW) irradiation time and precursors molar ratios on the yield, size, shape, and photodegradation activity of ZnO nanorods (ZNs) has been studied. The as-prepared ZNs photocatalyst (PC) are employed for the degradation of dyes mixture and antibiotic pharmaceuticals under simulated sunlight (SL). The results have shown MW irradiation time has the foremost influence on improving crystallinity, light absorption, and decreasing band gap, as well as enhancing degradation efficiency. It is found that the precursor's molar ratio has minor effects on the crystallinity and bandgap. ZN5 PC has the highest crystallinity and light absorption with the lowest bandgap, and the highest performance in methylene blue (MB) mineralization as well. It is recorded that after 45 min the increase in the initial MB concentration reduces the photodegradation efficiency from 98 % to 35 %. Complete mineralization of dyes and pharmaceuticals is achieved with 100 % COD removal using ZN5 within 150 min. Conclusively, the ZN5/solar simulator system is not a selective technology for the decontamination of dyes and pharmaceutical wastewater. In addition, the matrix effect using humic acid (HA) has been investigated, the degradation rate constant of dye decreased from 4 × 10⁻² min^-1 to 2.3 × 10⁻² min^-1, 1.1 × 10⁻² min^-1, and 1 × 10 min^-1 for 1, 5, and 10 mg.L^-1 HA, respectively. The influence of salinity on the photodegradation efficiency is also studied. The application of ZN5 in wastewater degradation is found to have great stability and reusability with a reduction of the treatment cost and the environmental impact by 90 %.

在这项工作中，已经研究了微波（MW）辐照时间和前体摩尔比对ZnO纳米棒（ZNs）的产率，尺寸，形状和光降解活性的影响。所制备的ZNs光催化剂（PC）用于在模拟阳光（SL）下降解染料混合物和抗生素药物。结果表明，MW辐照时间对改善结晶度，光吸收和减小带隙以及提高降解效率具有最重要的影响。发现前体的摩尔比对结晶度和带隙影响较小。ZN5 PC具有最高的结晶度和吸光度，具有最小的带隙，并且在亚甲基蓝（MB）矿化中也具有最高的性能。据记录，在45分钟后，初始MB浓度的增加使光降解效率从98％降低到35％。在150分钟内使用ZN5去除100％的COD即可实现染料和药物的完全矿化。总之，ZN5 /太阳能模拟器系统不是一种用于染料和制药废水去污的选择性技术。此外，研究了使用腐殖酸（HA）的基质效应，染料的降解速率常数从4×10降低对于1、5和10 mg.L ^-1 HA，分别为^-2分钟^-1至2.3×10 ^-2分钟^-1、1.1 ×10 ^-2分钟^-1和1×10分钟^-1。还研究了盐度对光降解效率的影响。发现ZN5在废水降解中的应用具有很高的稳定性和可重复使用性，同时将处理成本和对环境的影响降低了90％。