In this paper, we proposed ultrasound homodyned K (HK) imaging based on the noise-assisted correlation algorithm (NCA) for monitoring microwave ablation of porcine liver ex vivo. The NCA-based HK (αNCA and kNCA) imaging was compared with NCA-based Nakagami (mNCA) imaging and NCA-based cumulative echo decorrelation (CEDNCA) imaging. Backscattered ultrasound radiofrequency signals of porcine liver ex vivo during and after the heating of microwave ablation were collected (n = 15), which were processed for constructing B-mode imaging, NCA-based HK imaging, NCA-based Nakagami imaging, and NCA-based CED imaging. To quantitatively evaluate the final coagulation zone, the polynomial approximation (PAX) technique was applied. The accuracy of detecting coagulation area with αNCA, kNCA, mNCA, and CEDNCA parametric imaging was evaluated by comparing the PAX imaging with the gross pathology. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to further evaluate the performance of the three quantitative ultrasound imaging methods for detecting the coagulation zone. Experimental results showed that the average accuracies of αNCA, kNCA, mNCA, and CEDNCA parametric imaging combined with PAX imaging were 89.6%, 83.25%, 89.23%, and 91.6%, respectively. The average areas under the ROC curve (AUROCs) of αNCA, kNCA, mNCA, and CEDNCA parametric imaging were 0.83, 0.77, 0.83, and 0.86, respectively. The proposed NCA-based HK imaging may be used as a new method for monitoring microwave ablation.

中文翻译：

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使用基于噪声辅助相关算法的超声零差 K 成像监测微波消融：一项离体研究

在本文中，我们提出了基于噪声辅助相关算法 (NCA) 的超声零差 K (HK) 成像，用于监测离体猪肝脏的微波消融。基于 NCA 的 HK（αNCA 和 kNCA）成像与基于 NCA 的 Nakagami（mNCA）成像和基于 NCA 的累积回波去相关（CEDNCA）成像进行了比较。收集微波消融加热过程中和加热后猪肝脏离体后向散射超声射频信号（n = 15），进行处理以构建 B 型成像、基于 NCA 的 HK 成像、基于 NCA 的 Nakagami 成像和 NCA-基于 CED 成像。为了定量评估最终的凝固区，应用了多项式近似 (PAX) 技术。αNCA、kNCA、mNCA检测凝血面积的准确性，和 CEDNCA 参数成像是通过比较 PAX 成像与大体病理来评估的。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线用于进一步评估三种定量超声成像方法检测凝血区的性能。实验结果表明，αNCA、kNCA、mNCA和CEDNCA参数成像结合PAX成像的平均准确率分别为89.6%、83.25%、89.23%和91.6%。αNCA、kNCA、mNCA 和 CEDNCA 参数成像的 ROC 曲线下平均面积 (AUROCs) 分别为 0.83、0.77、0.83 和 0.86。提出的基于 NCA 的 HK 成像可用作监测微波消融的新方法。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线用于进一步评估三种定量超声成像方法检测凝血区的性能。实验结果表明，αNCA、kNCA、mNCA和CEDNCA参数成像结合PAX成像的平均准确率分别为89.6%、83.25%、89.23%和91.6%。αNCA、kNCA、mNCA 和 CEDNCA 参数成像的 ROC 曲线下平均面积 (AUROCs) 分别为 0.83、0.77、0.83 和 0.86。提出的基于 NCA 的 HK 成像可用作监测微波消融的新方法。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线用于进一步评估三种定量超声成像方法检测凝血区的性能。实验结果表明，αNCA、kNCA、mNCA和CEDNCA参数成像结合PAX成像的平均准确率分别为89.6%、83.25%、89.23%和91.6%。αNCA、kNCA、mNCA 和 CEDNCA 参数成像的 ROC 曲线下平均面积 (AUROCs) 分别为 0.83、0.77、0.83 和 0.86。提出的基于 NCA 的 HK 成像可用作监测微波消融的新方法。分别。αNCA、kNCA、mNCA 和 CEDNCA 参数成像的 ROC 曲线下平均面积 (AUROCs) 分别为 0.83、0.77、0.83 和 0.86。提出的基于 NCA 的 HK 成像可用作监测微波消融的新方法。分别。αNCA、kNCA、mNCA 和 CEDNCA 参数成像的 ROC 曲线下平均面积 (AUROCs) 分别为 0.83、0.77、0.83 和 0.86。提出的基于 NCA 的 HK 成像可用作监测微波消融的新方法。