Abstract A photocatalytic sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process was studied to degrade 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using persulfate (PS) catalyzing UV light and heterogeneous catalyst. In this regards, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles anchored on activated carbon (FOC) was applied as a supporter of TiO2 nanoparticles for fabricating of a recoverable photocatalyst (FOCT). Some analysis techniques including PL, UV–vis DRS, XRD, FESEM-EDS, BET, TEM and VSM were utilized to determine the optical, structural, textural and physicochemical characteristics of FOCT. The reaction mechanisms of PS activation and the generation of free radicals were described in details. Moreover, degradation intermediate products were identified and reaction pathway were proposed. It was found that photocatalytic activity and oxidation performance of pure TiO2 were improved after decoration on FOC. An excellent elimination efficiency was achieved in coupling of FOCT and UV irradiation with PS. Over 99 % of 4-CP (60 mg/L) and 49 % of TOC were removed by FOCT/UV/PS at optimum operational conditions. Furthermore, high PCP decontamination rate (> 86 %) was obtained, even at high concentrations (100 mg/L). During consecutive five runs of catalyst use, the degradation rate was decreased slightly to 88 % with a negligible decline in Fe and Ti leaching, demonstrating the excellent reusability and durability of FOCT in oxidation process. SO4 – and HO radicals were detected as main reactive species that involved in the degradation of 4-CP over FOCT/UV/PS system. Thanks to good performance and easy recovery of catalyst, FOCT/UV/PS hybrid system has a great potential for environmental remediation perspectives.

中文翻译：

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一种基于多相光催化硫酸根自由基氧化工艺，利用锚定在 Fe 氧化物@碳上的 TiO2 高效降解 4-氯苯酚

摘要 研究了基于光催化硫酸根自由基的高级氧化工艺，利用过硫酸盐（PS）催化紫外光和多相催化剂降解4-氯苯酚（4-CP）。在这方面，锚定在活性炭（FOC）上的四氧化三铁纳米颗粒被用作二氧化钛纳米颗粒的载体，用于制造可回收光催化剂（FOCT）。包括 PL、UV-vis DRS、XRD、FESEM-EDS、BET、TEM 和 VSM 在内的一些分析技术被用来确定 FOCT 的光学、结构、纹理和物理化学特性。详细描述了PS活化和自由基产生的反应机理。此外，还鉴定了降解中间产物并提出了反应途径。发现在FOC上修饰后纯TiO2的光催化活性和氧化性能得到提高。在 FOCT 和 UV 照射与 PS 的耦合中实现了出色的消除效率。在最佳操作条件下，FOCT/UV/PS 可去除 99% 以上的 4-CP (60 mg/L) 和 49% 的 TOC。此外，即使在高浓度 (100 mg/L) 下，也获得了高 PCP 净化率 (> 86 %)。在连续五次使用催化剂期间，降解率略微降低至 88%，Fe 和 Ti 浸出率的下降可以忽略不计，这表明 FOCT 在氧化过程中具有出色的可重复使用性和耐久性。SO4 - 和 H2O 自由基被检测为参与 FOCT/UV/PS 系统降解 4-CP 的主要反应物种。得益于良好的性能和易于回收的催化剂，