Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic associations with most terrestrial plants and can enhance crop water and nutrition acquisition. It is thus important to elucidate the interactive impacts of water and fertilizer management on AM fungi for sustainable agriculture. Our study investigated the effects of irrigation (well-watered vs. drought) and fertilization (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and NP) on AM fungi in soil and roots of maize (Zea mays L.) across three consecutive growth phases (jointing, tasseling, and mature). Drought significantly decreased AM fungal extra-radical hyphal density and root colonization rate at the tasseling and mature phases, respectively. Nitrogen and NP fertilization exerted a negative effect on AM fungal spore density under drought at the mature phase. Drought decreased AM fungal richness in soil and roots at the jointing and mature phases, respectively. AM fungal community composition in soil and roots was significantly different between the jointing phase and the tasseling and mature phases. AM fungal community composition was influenced by fertilization at the tasseling phase in soil, but by irrigation at the jointing and tasseling phases in roots. Our findings highlight the differential response of AM fungi in soil and roots to drought and fertilization during the various phases of maize development in this dryland agroecosystem.

中文翻译：

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在旱地玉米农业生态系统中灌溉和施肥对丛枝菌根真菌的影响取决于生长季节

摘要 丛枝菌根 (AM) 真菌与大多数陆生植物形成共生关系，可以增强作物水分和营养的获取。因此，阐明水和肥料管理对可持续农业的 AM 真菌的交互影响非常重要。我们的研究调查了灌溉（浇水充足与干旱）和施肥（氮 (N)、磷 (P) 和 NP）对土壤中 AM 真菌和玉米 (Zea mays L.) 根部连续三个生长的影响阶段（拔节、去雄和成熟）。干旱分别显着降低了雄性和成熟期的 AM 真菌根外菌丝密度和根定植率。氮肥和NP施肥对成熟期干旱条件下AM真菌孢子密度产生负面影响。干旱分别降低了拔节期和成熟期土壤和根中 AM 真菌的丰富度。拔节期、雄蕊和成熟期土壤和根系中AM真菌群落组成存在显着差异。AM 真菌群落组成受土壤抽穗期施肥的影响，但受拔节期和根抽穗期灌溉的影响。我们的研究结果强调了在这个旱地农业生态系统中玉米发育的各个阶段，土壤和根中 AM 真菌对干旱和施肥的不同反应。AM 真菌群落组成受土壤抽穗期施肥的影响，但受拔节期和根抽穗期灌溉的影响。我们的研究结果强调了在这个旱地农业生态系统中玉米发育的各个阶段，土壤和根中 AM 真菌对干旱和施肥的不同反应。AM 真菌群落组成受土壤抽穗期施肥的影响，但受拔节期和根抽穗期灌溉的影响。我们的研究结果强调了在这个旱地农业生态系统中玉米发育的各个阶段，土壤和根中 AM 真菌对干旱和施肥的不同反应。