Abstract Surf-riding phenomenon occurs when a ship sailing in following waves is accelerated to wave celerity. In this paper, surf-riding occurrence is studied for the parent hull of the Systematic Series D by 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) CFD simulations. Simulation cases are chosen following IMO recommendations for a wavelength to ship length range and following IMO criterion for ship speed cases. Initial conditions for simulations are obtained from 1-DOF surge motion equation solved by bifurcation analysis. The aim is to define surf-riding limits for ship operability with a less conservative approach, taking into account force changes in waves compared to the one used in the 1-DOF model, which considers calm water approximations. After defining surf-riding boundaries in terms of wave heights for different wavelengths and ship speeds, calculated forces are analysed to evaluate the magnitude and trend of non-linear effects due to wave elevation and ship-wave interaction. A detailed analysis is conducted on resistance, thrust, and wave forces in surging and surf-riding conditions, comparing the applied methodologies. The introduction of wave velocity field influence in the thrust force and the calculation of Froude-Krylov wave-force up to actual wave profile have been discussed and identified as possible improvements of 1-DOF approach.

中文翻译：

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用于冲浪运动事件评估的 CFD 模拟

摘要 当随波航行的船舶加速到波浪速度时，就会出现冲浪现象。在本文中，通过 3 自由度 (DOF) CFD 模拟，研究了 Systematic Series D 母船的滑浪现象。模拟案例的选择遵循 IMO 对波长到船长范围的建议，并遵循 IMO 的船速案例标准。模拟的初始条件是从通过分岔分析求解的 1-DOF 喘振运动方程中获得的。目的是使用较不保守的方法定义船舶可操作性的冲浪限制，与考虑平静水面近似值的 1-DOF 模型中使用的模型相比，考虑波浪中的力变化。在根据不同波长和船速的波浪高度定义冲浪边界后，对计算的力进行分析，以评估由于波浪高度和船波相互作用引起的非线性效应的大小和趋势。对浪涌和冲浪条件下的阻力、推力和波浪力进行了详细分析，比较了所应用的方法。已经讨论了推力中波速场影响的引入和 Froude-Krylov 波浪力计算直至实际波浪剖面，并将其确定为 1-DOF 方法的可能改进。