Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been increasingly employed in the delivery of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) projects of India. Particular interest has been on the energy from waste (EfW) projects. But many projects have failed. Studies on risk management that cater to the needs of Indian MSW sector on EfW projects is still in a nascent stage for Indian PPP body of knowledge, especially from the perspective of practitioners and policymakers. Accordingly, this study assessed the risks in four EfW technologies used in MSW management projects of India. The paper identified the risk factors of Indian MSW PPP projects through a comprehensive literature review. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey and structured interviews with Indian stakeholders are carried to capture the risk magnitude and maps the results of the general perception of the risk allocation preference. The findings show that the risk profiles are very different across these four EfW technologies. So, future projects would need to specifically focus those critical risks to procure more successful and value for money from the EfW PPP projects. Governments need to appropriately weigh the risks in EfW projects to resolve how to deal with market and human factors mainly related to the PPP aspects of the public service.

公私合作伙伴关系（PPPs）已越来越多地应用于印度城市固体废物（MSW）项目的交付中。废物能源（EfW）项目引起了人们的特别关注。但是许多项目都失败了。满足印度城市生活垃圾部门对EfW项目需求的风险管理研究对于印度PPP知识体系仍处于起步阶段，特别是从从业者和政策制定者的角度来看。因此，本研究评估了印度MSW管理项目中使用的四种EfW技术的风险。通过全面的文献综述，本文确定了印度MSW PPP项目的风险因素。后来，进行了问卷调查和对印度利益相关者的结构化访谈，以捕获风险幅度并绘制出对风险分配偏好的总体认知结果。研究结果表明，这四种EfW技术的风险状况差异很大。因此，未来的项目将需要特别关注那些重大风险，以从EfW PPP项目中获得更多的成功和物有所值。政府需要适当权衡EfW项目中的风险，以解决如何处理主要与公共服务PPP方面相关的市场和人为因素。未来的项目将需要特别关注那些重大风险，以从EfW PPP项目中获得更多的成功和物有所值。政府需要适当权衡EfW项目中的风险，以解决如何处理主要与公共服务PPP方面相关的市场和人为因素。未来的项目将需要特别关注那些重大风险，以从EfW PPP项目中获得更多的成功和物有所值。政府需要适当权衡EfW项目中的风险，以解决如何处理主要与公共服务PPP方面相关的市场和人为因素。