As people desire contact with the natural environment and comfortable living, modern buildings are increasingly incorporating the design of courtyard spaces. Hence, it is of interest to investigate the fungal air quality of courtyard spaces. This study aimed to investigate seasonal patterns of airborne fungal concentration, particlesize distribution, and taxonomic composition by using air microbial samplers and combining culture and molecular techniques. The results indicated that fungal concentration varied between seasons, peaking in autumn (825 ± 260 CFU/m³) and being the lowest in winter (617 ± 197 CFU/m³). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that fungal concentrations were positively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed. The relative humidity and wind speed supported fungal dispersion, whereas temperature negatively affected fungal dispersion in a multiple linear regression model. The fungal concentrations corresponding to “not excellent” in the Air Quality Index (AQI: >50) were higher than those corresponding to “excellent” (AQI: 0–50). The airborne fungal particle sizes in the range 1.1–3.3 μm (>58%) were predominant in all four seasons. In all four seasons, the airborne fungi had count median diameters ranging from 1.60 μm to 1.80 μm, allowing the fungi to penetrate the terminal bronchi. Verticillium (75.9%) and Cladosporium (27.4%) were the most abundant fungal genera in spring and summer, respectively. Flammulina was predominant in autumn and winter, accounting for 35.2% and 31.3%, respectively. Moreover, 14 fungal genera that contained allergenic or pathogenic species were identified in all four seasons. The highest mean average daily dose rates of airborne fungi was found in autumn. These findings will provide information for creating a more reasonable, comfortable, and healthier courtyard space air environment.

随着人们渴望与自然环境和舒适生活的联系，现代建筑越来越多地采用庭院空间的设计。因此，研究庭院空间的真菌空气质量很有意义。本研究旨在通过使用空气微生物采样器，并结合培养和分子技术，研究空气传播真菌浓度，颗粒大小分布和分类学组成的季节性模式。结果表明，真菌的浓度随季节变化，在秋季达到峰值（825±260 CFU / m ³），在冬季最低（617±197 CFU / m ^3）。）。Spearman的相关分析表明，真菌浓度与相对湿度和风速呈正相关。相对湿度和风速支持真菌散布，而温度在多重线性回归模型中对真菌散布产生负面影响。空气质量指数（AQI：> 50）中与“不佳”相对应的真菌浓度高于与“优秀”（AQI：0–50）相对应的真菌浓度。在所有四个季节中，空气传播的真菌颗粒大小主要在1.1-3.3μm（> 58％）之间。在所有四个季节中，空气传播真菌的计数中值直径范围为1.60μm至1.80μm，使真菌能够穿透末端支气管。黄萎病（75.9％）和枝孢菌（27.4％）分别是春季和夏季最丰富的真菌属。金针菇在秋季和冬季占主导地位，分别占35.2％和31.3％。此外，在所有四个季节中均鉴定出包含过敏性或致病性物种的14个真菌属。秋季发现空气中真菌的平均日剂量最高。这些发现将为创建更合理，舒适和更健康的庭院空间空气环境提供信息。