Abstract This study assessed the gaseous and particulate emissions from a Tier 2 oceangoing vessel using two emission control area (ECA) compliant fuels, a very low sulfur marine gasoil (MGO) and a novel ultra-low sulfur heavy fuel oil (ULSHFO). In-use emissions are reported for the main engine when the ship traveled in within California's ECA, whereas emissions for the auxiliary engine and boiler are presented when the ship was at-berth in the port of Long Beach. For the auxiliary boiler, emissions of carbonyl compounds and metallic elements were also characterized. The ULSHFO showed higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions than MGO for both the main and auxiliary engines, but not at statistically significant levels, whereas for the auxiliary boiler the ULSHFO showed statistically significant increases in NOx emissions compared to MGO. NOx emissions for this vessel's main and auxiliary engines were within the certification limits for both fuels. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon emissions were higher for the ULSHFO and decreased with higher engine load conditions. The main engine PM2.5 composition was dominated by organic carbon and the auxiliary engine PM composition was primarily comprised of elemental carbon. For both engines, there was little contribution of sulfate due to the very low sulfur content in both fuels. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the major aldehyde species in boiler exhaust. Sulfur, vanadium, and iron were the most abundant elements detected in PM2.5 emissions. Overall, this work demonstrated the potential global benefit of using ultra-low sulfur residual fuels, however, their use near ports will likely increase local emissions compared to middle distillate fuels.

中文翻译：

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二级远洋集装箱船舶大气污染物来源：主机、辅机、辅锅炉

摘要 本研究使用两种符合排放控制区 (ECA) 的燃料，一种极低硫船用柴油 (MGO) 和一种新型超低硫重质燃料油 (ULSHFO)，评估了 Tier 2 远洋船舶的气体和颗粒物排放。当船舶在加利福尼亚 ECA 内航行时，报告主机的在用排放，而当船舶停泊在长滩港时，提供辅助发动机和锅炉的排放。对于辅助锅炉，还对羰基化合物和金属元素的排放进行了表征。对于主发动机和辅助发动机，ULSHFO 显示出比 MGO 更高的氮氧化物 (NOx) 排放，但没有达到统计显着的水平，而对于辅助锅炉，与 MGO 相比，ULSHFO 显示出在统计上显着的 NOx 排放增加。该船主辅发动机的氮氧化物排放量均在两种燃料的认证限值内。ULSHFO 的颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和黑碳排放量较高，并且随着发动机负载条件的提高而降低。主机PM2.5成分以有机碳为主，辅机PM成分主要为元素碳。对于这两种发动机，由于两种燃料中的硫含量都非常低，硫酸盐的贡献很小。甲醛和乙醛是锅炉废气中的主要醛类。硫、钒和铁是在 PM2.5 排放物中检测到的最丰富的元素。总的来说，这项工作证明了使用超低硫残留燃料的潜在全球利益，然而，