Space observations of the atmosphere of the Sun, obtained in half a century of dedicated space missions, provide a well established picture of the medium and large-scale solar corona, which is highly variable with the level of solar activity through a solar cycle and evolves with the long-term evolution of the magnetic cycles. In this review, we summarize the physical properties and dynamics of the medium and large-scale corona, consisting primarily of active regions, streamers and coronal holes; describe the dependence of coronal patterns on the magnetic field patterns changing through the solar cycle and the properties of the regions of open magnetic flux channeling the solar wind; the ubiquitous presence of fluctuations in the outer corona; the rotational properties of the large-scale corona; and the persistent hemispheric asymmetries in the emergence of magnetic fields and the distribution of the coronal emission.

中文翻译：

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从太空观察日冕

在半个世纪的专门太空任务中获得的对太阳大气的太空观测提供了中型和大型日冕的完善图片，日冕随着太阳活动水平在太阳周期中的变化而变化很大随着磁循环的长期演变。在这篇综述中，我们总结了中大尺度日冕的物理特性和动力学，主要由活动区、流光和日冕洞组成；描述日冕模式对通过太阳周期变化的磁场模式的依赖性，以及引导太阳风的开放磁通量区域的特性；外日冕中无处不在的波动；大尺度电晕的旋转特性；