Providing strategies for coping and managing NaCl salinity stress is the goal of many researches. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are widely used as photo-catalytic agents due to their strong oxidative properties, optical stability, lack of toxicity, cheapness and availability. Here, the effects of various concentrations of NaCl salinity and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on certain growth factors of the shoot and root, the protein content, activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes in Artemisia absinthium L were studied. SDS–PAGE was used to analyze the protein expression of A. absinthium at different levels of NaCl salinity stress and TiO₂ nanoparticles treatment. All the experiments were performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design in three replications. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. We found that the increase in the concentration of TiO₂ NPs up to 20 mg L⁻¹ leads to the enhancement in the length and dry/fresh weights of roots, while there is a reverse pattern for all the traits with the concentration of 30 mg L⁻¹ of nanoparticles. Moreover, the results showed a significant enhancement in the antioxidant activity of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes and also protein content in some salinity-stressed plants and those were treated with various concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in comparison with the control group. According to protein molecular weight in NCBI and SDS–PAGE, some isoenzymes were found for each of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes, and their expression highly differed among the evaluated samples. The increase in isoenzymes’ band intensity was related to the increase in their protein expression, isoenzymes accumulation in the cells or both of them. In some cases, enzymes’ activities were increased, but there was no change in the related band intensity in the SDS–PAGE. It seems that the increase in enzymes activities could be due to the effect of nanoparticles on the enzyme’s active site. Therefore, the increase in antioxidant enzymes activities was related to increase in gene expression, enzyme activity or both processes. In this study, the highest concentrations of the nanoparticles (30 mg L⁻¹) had the negative effects on the NaCl salinity-treated samples and in several cases decreased growth of the shoot and root, proteins content and enzymes activities.

提供应对和管理NaCl盐度胁迫的策略是许多研究的目标。二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO ₂ NPs）由于其强的氧化性能，光学稳定性，无毒，便宜和易获得性而被广泛用作光催化剂。在此，研究了不同浓度的NaCl盐度和二氧化钛纳米颗粒对苦艾蒿茎，茎中某些生长因子，蛋白质含量，过氧化氢酶，愈创木酚过氧化物酶，超氧化物歧化酶和多酚氧化酶的影响。采用SDS-PAGE分析了不同浓度的NaCl盐胁迫和TiO _2下苦艾的蛋白质表达。纳米粒子处理。所有实验均在完全随机设计中作为因子分解进行，重复三遍。使用SPSS软件分析数据。我们发现TiO ₂ NPs的浓度增加至20 mg L ^-1会导致根的长度和干/鲜重的增加，而浓度为30 mg的所有性状都有相反的规律L ^-1纳米粒子。此外，结果表明，在某些盐分胁迫的植物中，过氧化氢酶，过氧化物酶，超氧化物歧化酶，多酚氧化酶和愈创木酚过氧化物酶的抗氧化活性显着增强，蛋白质含量也有所提高，与不同浓度的二氧化钛纳米颗粒相比对照组。根据NCBI和SDS-PAGE中的蛋白质分子量，每种被评估的抗氧化酶都发现了一些同工酶，并且在被评估样品中它们的表达差异很大。同工酶谱带强度的增加与其蛋白表达的增加，同工酶在细胞中或两者中的积累有关。在某些情况下，酶的活性增加了，但在SDS-PAGE中相关的条带强度没有变化。似乎酶活性的增加可能是由于纳米颗粒对酶活性位点的影响。因此，抗氧化酶活性的增加与基因表达，酶活性或两个过程的增加有关。在这项研究中，最高浓度的纳米颗粒（30 mg L^-1）对经NaCl盐度处理的样品具有负面影响，并且在某些情况下会降低芽和根的生长，蛋白质含量和酶活性。