Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides us a powerful approach to resist all attacks at detection side. Besides the unconditional security, people also seek for high key generation rate, but MDI-QKD has relatively low key generation rate. In this paper, we provide an efficient approach to increase the key generation rate of MDI-QKD by adopting multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) of single photons to generate keys. Compared with other high-dimension MDI-QKD protocols encoding in one DOF, our protocol is more flexible, for our protocol generating keys in independent subsystems and the detection failure or error in a DOF not affecting the information encoding in other DOFs. Based on above features, our MDI-QKD protocol may have potential application in future quantum communication field.

独立于测量设备的量子密钥分发（MDI-QKD）为我们提供了一种强大的方法来抵抗检测端的所有攻击。除了无条件的安全性，人们还寻求高密钥生成率，但是MDI-QKD具有相对较低的密钥生成率。在本文中，我们提供了一种有效的方法，通过采用单个光子的多个自由度（DOF）来生成密钥，从而提高MDI-QKD的密钥生成率。与一个DOF中的其他高维MDI-QKD协议相比，我们的协议更加灵活，因为我们的协议在独立子系统中生成密钥，并且DOF中的检测失败或错误不影响其他DOF中的信息编码。基于以上特征，我们的MDI-QKD协议在未来的量子通信领域可能具有潜在的应用。