In vitro eradication of the C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms by eugenol alone and in combination with the antimicrobial drugs. Previously characterized strains of C. albicans (CAJ-01 and CAJ-12) and S. mutans MTCC497 were used to evaluate the eradication of biofilms using XTT reduction assay, viability assay, time dependent killing assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synergistic interaction was assessed by checkerboard method. Sessile MIC (SMIC) of eugenol was equivalent to the planktonic MIC (PMIC) against C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. SMIC of fluconazole and azithromycin was increased upto 1000-folds over PMIC. Eradication of single or mixed biofilms was evident from the viability assay and SEM. At 1 × MIC of eugenol, log₁₀CFU count of C. albicans cells were decreased from 6.3 to 4.2 and 3.8 (p < 0.05) in single and mixed biofilms, respectively. SEM studies revealed the eradication of C. albicans and S. mutans cells from glass surface at 800 µg/mL concentration of eugenol. Time dependent killing assay showed dose dependent effect of eugenol on pre-formed CAJ-01, CAJ-12 and S. mutans biofilm cells. Eugenol was highly synergistic with fluconazole (FICI = 0.156) against CAJ-12 single biofilms. However, the combination of eugenol and azithromycin showed maximum synergy (FICI = 0.140) against pre-formed C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. These findings highlighted the promising efficacy of eugenol in the eradication of biofilms of two oral pathogens (C. albicans and S. mutans) in vitro and could also be exploited in synergy with fluconazole and azithromycin in controlling oral infections.

单独使用丁子香酚以及与抗菌药物联合体外消灭白色念珠菌和变形链球菌混合生物膜。使用先前表征的白色念珠菌菌株（CAJ-01 和 CAJ-12）和变形链球菌MTCC497，使用 XTT 还原测定、活力测定、时间依赖性杀伤测定和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 来评估生物膜的根除。通过棋盘法评估协同相互作用。丁子香酚的固定 MIC (SMIC) 相当于针对白色念珠菌和变形链球菌混合生物膜的浮游 MIC (PMIC)。氟康唑和阿奇霉素的SMIC比PMIC提高了1000倍。从活力测定和扫描电镜中可以明显看出单一或混合生物膜的根除。在 1 × 丁子香酚 MIC 时，单一和混合生物膜中白色念珠菌细胞的 log ₁₀ CFU 计数分别从 6.3 减少至 4.2 和 3.8 ( p < 0.05)。 SEM 研究表明，在浓度为 800 µg/mL 的丁香酚下，玻璃表面的白色念珠菌和变形链球菌细胞被根除。时间依赖性杀伤测定显示丁子香酚对预先形成的CAJ-01、CAJ-12和变形链球菌生物膜细胞具有剂量依赖性作用。丁子香酚与氟康唑 (FICI = 0.156) 对 CAJ-12 单一生物膜具有高度协同作用。然而，丁子香酚和阿奇霉素的组合对预先形成的白色念珠菌和变形链球菌混合生物膜表现出最大的协同作用（FICI = 0.140）。这些发现强调了丁子香酚在根除两种口腔病原体（白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）生物膜方面的良好功效。 mutans ）在体外也可以与氟康唑和阿奇霉素协同控制口腔感染。