The cell wall of Bacillus subtilis is a rigid structure on the outside of the cell that forms the first barrier between the bacterium and the environment, and at the same time maintains cell shape and withstands the pressure generated by the cell's turgor. In this review, the chemical composition of peptidoglycan, teichoic and teichuronic acids, the polymers that comprise the cell wall, and the biosynthetic pathways involved in their synthesis will be discussed, as well as the architecture of the cell wall. B. subtilis has been the first bacterium for which the role of an actin-like cytoskeleton in cell shape determination and peptidoglycan synthesis was identified and for which the entire set of peptidoglycan synthesizing enzymes has been localised. The role of the cytoskeleton in shape generation and maintenance will be discussed and results from other model organisms will be compared to what is known for B. subtilis. Finally, outstanding questions in the field of cell wall synthesis will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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枯草芽孢杆菌的细胞壁。

枯草芽孢杆菌的细胞壁是位于细胞外部的刚性结构，形成细菌与环境之间的第一道屏障，同时保持细胞形态并承受细胞膨胀产生的压力。在这篇综述中，将讨论肽聚糖、磷壁酸和磷糖醛酸的化学成分，构成细胞壁的聚合物，以及参与它们合成的生物合成途径，以及细胞壁的结构。枯草芽孢杆菌是第一个确定了肌动蛋白样细胞骨架在细胞形状确定和肽聚糖合成中的作用并且整套肽聚糖合成酶已被定位的细菌。将讨论细胞骨架在形状生成和维持中的作用，并将来自其他模式生物的结果与已知的枯草芽孢杆菌进行比较。最后，将讨论细胞壁合成领域的突出问题。