This article attempts to bridge the gap between widely discussed ethical principles of Human-centered AI (HCAI) and practical steps for effective governance. Since HCAI systems are developed and implemented in multiple organizational structures, I propose 15 recommendations at three levels of governance: team, organization, and industry. The recommendations are intended to increase the reliability, safety, and trustworthiness of HCAI systems: (1) reliable systems based on sound software engineering practices, (2) safety culture through business management strategies, and (3) trustworthy certification by independent oversight. Software engineering practices within teams include audit trails to enable analysis of failures, software engineering workflows, verification and validation testing, bias testing to enhance fairness, and explainable user interfaces. The safety culture within organizations comes from management strategies that include leadership commitment to safety, hiring and training oriented to safety, extensive reporting of failures and near misses, internal review boards for problems and future plans, and alignment with industry standard practices. The trustworthiness certification comes from industry-wide efforts that include government interventions and regulation, accounting firms conducting external audits, insurance companies compensating for failures, non-governmental and civil society organizations advancing design principles, and professional organizations and research institutes developing standards, policies, and novel ideas. The larger goal of effective governance is to limit the dangers and increase the benefits of HCAI to individuals, organizations, and society.

中文翻译：

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弥合道德与实践之间的鸿沟

本文试图弥合广泛讨论的以人为本的人工智能 (HCAI) 伦理原则与有效治理的实际步骤之间的差距。由于 HCAI 系统是在多个组织结构中开发和实施的，因此我在三个治理级别提出了 15 条建议：团队、组织和行业。这些建议旨在提高 HCAI 系统的可靠性、安全性和可信赖性：(1) 基于健全软件工程实践的可靠系统，(2) 通过业务管理策略实现安全文化，以及 (3) 通过独立监督获得可信赖认证。团队内的软件工程实践包括审计跟踪以分析故障、软件工程工作流、验证和确认测试、偏差测试以提高公平性、和可解释的用户界面。组织内的安全文化来自管理战略，包括领导层对安全的承诺、以安全为导向的招聘和培训、广泛报告故障和未遂事故、内部审查委员会对问题和未来计划以及与行业标准做法保持一致。可信度认证来自全行业的努力，包括政府干预和监管、进行外部审计的会计师事务所、对失败进行补偿的保险公司、推进设计原则的非政府和民间社会组织，以及制定标准、政策、政策的专业组织和研究机构，和新颖的想法。有效治理的更大目标是限制危险并增加 HCAI 对个人的好处，