Billions of years ago, the Northern Hemisphere of Mars may have been covered by at least one ocean and thousands of lakes and rivers. These findings, based initially on telescopic observations and images by the Mariner and Viking missions, led investigators to hypothesize that stromatolite fashioning cyanobacteria may have proliferated in the surface waters, and life may have been successfully transferred between Earth and Mars via tons of debris ejected into the space following bolide impact. Studies conducted by NASA’s robotic rovers also indicate that Mars was wet and habitable and may have been inhabited in the ancient past. It has been hypothesized that Mars subsequently lost its magnetic field, oceans, and atmosphere when bolides negatively impacted its geodynamo and that the remnants of the Martian seas began to evaporate and became frozen beneath the surface. As reviewed here, twenty-five investigators have published evidence of Martian sedimentary structures that resemble microbial mats and stromatolites, which may have been constructed billions of years ago on ancient lake shores and in receding bodies of water, although if these formations are abiotic or biotic is unknown. These findings parallel the construction of the first stromatolites on Earth. The evidence reviewed here does not prove but supports the hypothesis that ancient Mars had oceans (as well as lakes) and was habitable and inhabited, and life may have been transferred between Earth and Mars billions of years ago due to powerful solar winds and life-bearing ejecta propelled into the space following the bolide impact.

中文翻译：

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火星上的海洋，湖泊和基质石

数十亿年前，火星的北半球可能已经被至少一个海洋和成千上万的湖泊和河流所覆盖。这些发现最初是基于水手和维京任务的望远镜观测和图像，促使研究人员假设层积石形成蓝细菌可能已经在地表水中扩散，并且生命可能已经通过喷射到地面的大量碎片成功地在地球和火星之间转移了。硼化物撞击后的空间。NASA机器人漫游车进行的研究还表明，火星是潮湿且宜居的，并且可能在古代曾有人居住。据推测，火星随后失去了磁场，海洋，爆炸时对大气和大气产生负面影响，并且火星海的残余物开始蒸发并冻结在地表以下。如此处所述，有25位研究者发表了类似于微生物垫和叠层石的火星沉积结构的证据，这些结构可能是数十亿年前在古代湖岸和后退水体中建造的，尽管这些结构是非生物的还是生物的未知。这些发现与地球上第一批叠层石的构造相似。这里回顾的证据并不能证明但支持这样的假说，即古代火星有海洋（以及湖泊）并且可以居住和居住，