Nucleonic direct Urca processes and cooling of the massive neutron stars are studied by considering antikaon condensations. Calculations are performed in the relativistic mean field and isothermal interior approximations. Neutrino energy losses of the nucleonic direct Urca processes are reduced when the optical potential of antikaons changes from to  MeV. If the center density of the massive neutron stars is a constant, the masses taper off with the optical potential of antikaons, and neutrino luminosities of the nucleonic direct Urca processes decrease for but first increase and then decrease for larger . Large optical potential of antikaons results in warming of the nonsuperfluid massive neutron stars. Massive neutron stars turn warmer with the protonic superfluids. However, the decline of the critical temperatures of the protonic superfluids for the large optical potential of antikaons can speed up the cooling of the massive neutron stars.

中文翻译：

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核子直接乌尔卡过程和大质量中子星的反钾冷凝冷却

通过考虑反钾缩合研究了核子直接Urca过程和大质量中子星的冷却。在相对论平均场和等温内部近似中进行计算。当反钾的光学势从变为 MeV时，可减少核子直接Urca过程的中微子能量损失。如果大质量中子星的中心密度恒定，则质量会随着抗钾的光学势而逐渐减小，而核子直接Urca过程的中微子发光度会降低。但是先增加然后再减少较大的。抗钾离子的大光势导致非超流体块状中子星变暖。质子超流体使大量中子星变暖。但是，由于质子超流体的临界光学势的临界温度下降，可以加速大量中子星的冷却。