Brassica oleracea includes several morphologically diverse, economically important vegetable crops. Here we present high-quality chromosome-scale genome assemblies for two B. oleracea morphotypes, cauliflower and cabbage. Direct comparison of these two assemblies identifies ~120 K high-confidence structural variants (SVs). Population analysis of 271 B. oleracea accessions using these SVs clearly separates different morphotypes, suggesting the association of SVs with B. oleracea intraspecific divergence. Genes affected by SVs selected between cauliflower and cabbage are enriched with functions related to response to stress and stimulus and meristem and flower development. Furthermore, genes affected by selected SVs and involved in the switch from vegetative to generative growth that defines curd initiation, inflorescence meristem proliferation for curd formation, maintenance and enlargement, are identified, providing insights into the regulatory network of curd development. This study reveals the important roles of SVs in diversification of different morphotypes of B. oleracea, and the newly assembled genomes and the SVs provide rich resources for future research and breeding.

中文翻译：

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基因组测序揭示了结构变异对甘蓝型油菜多样化的贡献

甘蓝油菜包括几种形态多样，经济上重要的蔬菜作物。在这里，我们介绍了两个B. oleracea形态型，花椰菜和卷心菜的高质量染色体规模的基因组组装。这两个程序集的直接比较确定了〜120 K高可信度结构变体（SV）。使用这些SV对271个油菜芽孢杆菌种质进行的群体分析清楚地区分了不同的形态型，表明SVs与油菜芽孢杆菌种内差异有关。受花椰菜和卷心菜中的SV影响的基因富含与胁迫和刺激，分生组织和花朵发育相关的功能。此外，受所选SV影响并参与从营养生长到生殖生长的转变的基因决定了凝乳的起始，花序分生组织增殖的凝乳形成，维持和扩大，被确定，提供深入了解凝乳发展的监管网络。这项研究揭示了SVs在油菜不同形态类型的多样化中的重要作用，并且新组装的基因组和SVs为将来的研究和育种提供了丰富的资源。