Early-life conditions have profound effects on many life-history traits. In particular, early-life diet affects both juvenile development, and adult survival and reproduction. Early-life diet also has consequences for the ability of adults to withstand stressors such as starvation, temperature and desiccation. However, it is less well known how early-life diet influences the ability of adults to respond to infection. Here we test whether varying the larval diet of female Drosophila melanogaster (through altering protein to carbohydrate ratio, P:C) influences the long-term response to injury and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. Given previous work manipulating adult dietary P:C, we predicted that adults from larvae raised on higher P:C diets would be more likely to survive infection and have increased reproduction, but shorter lifespans and an increased rate of ageing. For larval development, we predicted that low P:C would lead to a longer development time and lower viability. We found that early-life and lifetime egg production were highest at intermediate to high larval P:C diets, but there was no effect of larval P:C on adult survival. Larval diet had no effect on survival or reproduction post-infection. Larval development was quickest on intermediate P:C and egg-to-pupae and egg-to-adult viability were higher on higher P:C. Overall, despite larval P:C affecting several traits measured in this study, we saw no evidence that larval P:C altered the consequence of infection or injury for adult survival and early-life and lifetime reproduction. Taken together, these data suggest that larval diets appear to have a limited impact on adult response to infection.

中文翻译：

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幼虫饮食会影响成年繁殖，但无论果蝇的伤害和感染压力如何都不会影响其存活。

生命早期状况对许多生命历史特征产生深远影响。特别是，早期饮食会影响青少年的发育以及成年人的生存和繁殖。生命早期的饮食也会对成年人承受压力的能力产生影响，例如饥饿，温度和干燥。然而，鲜为人知的是，早期饮食如何影响成年人对感染的反应能力。在这里，我们测试了改变雌性果蝇果蝇的幼虫饮食（通过改变蛋白质与碳水化合物的比率，P：C）是否会影响对细菌病原体假单胞菌的感染和感染的长期反应。考虑到以前操纵成人饮食P：C的工作，我们预测，以较高的P：C饮食饲养的幼虫成年动物更有可能幸免于感染，并具有增加的生殖能力，但寿命较短，衰老率更高。对于幼体发育，我们预测低的P：C会导致较长的发育时间和较低的生存力。我们发现，在幼虫P：C日粮到中高日粮中，早期和终生产卵量最高，但是幼虫P：C对成年存活率没有影响。幼虫饮食对感染后的存活或繁殖没有影响。幼虫在中间P：C和卵对-的发育最快，而卵对成虫的存活率在较高P：C时较高。总体而言，尽管幼虫P：C影响了这项研究中测得的若干性状，但我们没有证据表明幼虫P：C改变了感染或伤害对成年生存以及早年和终生繁殖的后果。综上所述，这些数据表明，幼虫饮食对成人对感染的反应似乎影响有限。