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Functional assessments of PTEN variants using machine-assisted phenotype scoring
bioRxiv - Bioinformatics Pub Date : 2020-10-16 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.16.342915
Jesse T. Chao , Calvin D. Roskelley , Christopher J.R. Loewen

Genetic testing is widely used in evaluating a patient's predisposition for developing a malignancy. In the case of cancer, when a functionally impactful inherited mutation (i.e. genetic variant) is identified in a disease-relevant gene, the patient is at elevated risk of developing a lesion in their lifetime. Unfortunately, as the rate and coverage of genetic testing has accelerated, our ability to make informed assessments regarding the functional status of the variants has lagged. Currently, there are two main strategies for assessing variant functions: in silico predictions or in vitro testing. The first approach is to build generalist computational prediction software using theoretical parameters such as amino acid conservation as feature inputs. These types of software can classify any variant of any gene. Although versatile, their non-specific design and theoretical assumptions result in different models frequently producing conflicting classifications. The second approach is to develop gene-specific assays. Although each assay is tailored to the physiological function of the gene, this approach requires significant investments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more practical, streamlined and cost-effective methods. To directly address these issues, we designed a new approach of using alterations in protein subcellular localization as a key indicator of loss of function. Thus, new variants can be rapidly functionalized by using high-content microscopy. To facilitate the analysis of large amounts of image data, we developed a new software, named MAPS for machine-assisted phenotype scoring, that utilizes deep learning (DL) techniques to extract and classify cell-level phenotypes. This new Python-based toolkit helps users leverage commercial cloud-based DL services that are easy to train and deploy to fit varying experimental conditions. Model training is entirely code-free and can be done with limited number of images. Users simply input the trained endpoints into MAPS to accomplish cell detection, phenotype discovery and phenotype classification. Thus, MAPS allows cell biologists to easily apply DL to accelerate their image analysis workflow.

中文翻译:

使用机器辅助表型评分对PTEN变体进行功能评估

基因测试被广泛用于评估患者发生恶性肿瘤的易感性。在癌症的情况下,当在与疾病相关的基因中鉴定出功能上具有影响力的遗传突变(即遗传变异)时,患者一生中患病的风险较高。不幸的是,随着基因测试的速度和覆盖范围的加快,我们对变体功能状态进行知情评估的能力已经落后。当前,有两种主要的评估变体功能的策略:计算机预测或体外测试。第一种方法是使用诸如氨基酸保守性的理论参数作为特征输入来构建通才计算预测软件。这些类型的软件可以对任何基因的任何变体进行分类。尽管用途广泛,但它们的非特定设计和理论假设导致通常会产生相互矛盾的分类的不同模型。第二种方法是开发基因特异性测定法。尽管每种测定都是针对基因的生理功能量身定制的,但是这种方法需要大量投资。因此,迫切需要更实用,更精简和更具成本效益的方法。为了直接解决这些问题,我们设计了一种使用蛋白质亚细胞定位变化作为功能丧失的关键指标的新方法。从而,新的变异可以通过使用高含量显微镜快速功能化。为了促进对大量图像数据的分析,我们开发了一种名为MAPS的机器辅助表型评分的新软件,该软件利用深度学习(DL)技术来提取和分类细胞水平的表型。这个基于Python的新工具包可帮助用户利用基于商业云的DL服务,该服务易于培训和部署以适应各种实验条件。模型训练是完全没有代码的,并且可以使用有限数量的图像来完成。用户只需将经过训练的端点输入到MAPS中即可完成细胞检测,表型发现和表型分类。因此,MAPS使细胞生物学家可以轻松地应用DL来加速其图像分析工作流程。为了促进对大量图像数据的分析,我们开发了一种名为MAPS的机器辅助表型评分的新软件,该软件利用深度学习(DL)技术来提取和分类细胞水平的表型。这个基于Python的新工具包可帮助用户利用基于商业云的DL服务,该服务易于培训和部署以适应各种实验条件。模型训练是完全没有代码的,并且可以使用有限数量的图像来完成。用户只需将经过训练的端点输入到MAPS中即可完成细胞检测,表型发现和表型分类。因此,MAPS使细胞生物学家可以轻松地应用DL来加速其图像分析工作流程。为了促进对大量图像数据的分析,我们开发了一种名为MAPS的机器辅助表型评分的新软件,该软件利用深度学习(DL)技术来提取和分类细胞水平的表型。这个基于Python的新工具包可帮助用户利用基于商业云的DL服务,该服务易于培训和部署以适应各种实验条件。模型训练是完全没有代码的,并且可以使用有限数量的图像来完成。用户只需将经过训练的端点输入到MAPS中即可完成细胞检测,表型发现和表型分类。因此,MAPS使细胞生物学家可以轻松地应用DL来加速其图像分析工作流程。利用深度学习(DL)技术提取和分类细胞水平的表型。这个基于Python的新工具包可帮助用户利用基于商业云的DL服务,该服务易于培训和部署以适应各种实验条件。模型训练是完全没有代码的,并且可以使用有限数量的图像来完成。用户只需将经过训练的端点输入到MAPS中即可完成细胞检测,表型发现和表型分类。因此,MAPS使细胞生物学家可以轻松地应用DL来加速其图像分析工作流程。利用深度学习(DL)技术提取和分类细胞水平的表型。这个基于Python的新工具包可帮助用户利用基于商业云的DL服务,该服务易于培训和部署以适应各种实验条件。模型训练是完全没有代码的,并且可以使用有限数量的图像来完成。用户只需将经过训练的端点输入到MAPS中即可完成细胞检测,表型发现和表型分类。因此,MAPS使细胞生物学家可以轻松地应用DL来加速其图像分析工作流程。用户只需将经过训练的端点输入到MAPS中即可完成细胞检测,表型发现和表型分类。因此,MAPS使细胞生物学家可以轻松地应用DL来加速其图像分析工作流程。用户只需将经过训练的端点输入到MAPS中即可完成细胞检测,表型发现和表型分类。因此,MAPS使细胞生物学家可以轻松地应用DL来加速其图像分析工作流程。
更新日期:2020-10-17
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