Peripheral nerve injury treatment is a relevant problem because of nerve lesion high incidence and because of unsatisfactory regeneration after severe injuries, thus resulting in a reduced patient’s life quality. To repair severe nerve injuries characterized by substance loss and to improve the regeneration outcome at both motor and sensory level, different strategies have been investigated. Although autograft remains the gold standard technique, a growing number of research articles concerning nerve conduit use has been reported in the last years. Nerve conduits aim to overcome autograft disadvantages, but they must satisfy some requirements to be suitable for nerve repair. A universal ideal conduit does not exist, since conduit properties have to be evaluated case by case; nevertheless, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural-based biomaterials have great potentiality to be used to produce nerve guides. Although they share many characteristics with synthetic biomaterials, natural-based biomaterials should also be preferable because of their extraction sources; indeed, these biomaterials are obtained from different renewable sources or food waste, thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in comparison to synthetic ones. This review reports the strengths and weaknesses of natural-based biomaterials used for manufacturing peripheral nerve conduits, analyzing the interactions between natural-based biomaterials and biological environment. Particular attention was paid to the description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury repaired with the different natural-based conduits.

中文翻译：

---

用于周围神经损伤修复的天然生物材料

周围神经损伤的治疗是一个相关的问题，因为神经损伤发生率高，严重损伤后再生不理想，从而导致患者的生活质量下降。为了修复以物质损失为特征的严重神经损伤并改善运动和感觉水平的再生结果，已经研究了不同的策略。尽管自体移植仍然是金标准技术，但在过去几年中已经报道了越来越多的关于神经导管使用的研究文章。神经导管旨在克服自体移植物的缺点，但它们必须满足一些适用于神经修复的要求。不存在通用的理想管道，因为必须逐个评估管道属性；尽管如此，由于它们的高生物相容性和生物降解性，基于天然的生物材料在用于生产神经导管方面具有巨大的潜力。尽管它们与合成生物材料具有许多共同特征，但由于其提取来源，天然生物材料也应该是首选；事实上，这些生物材料是从不同的可再生资源或食物垃圾中获得的，因此与合成材料相比，可以减少对环境的影响并提高可持续性。本综述报告了用于制造周围神经导管的天然生物材料的优缺点，分析了天然生物材料与生物环境之间的相互作用。特别注意了对用不同天然导管修复的损伤中神经再生的临床前结果的描述。