The emission of dust particles into the atmosphere during rock mass breaking by blasting in ore mining open-pits is one of the factors that determine the ground-level air pollution in the vicinity of pits. The data on dust concentration in the cloud, which is extremely difficult to obtain experimentally for large-scale explosions, is required to calculate the dust dispersion in the wind stream. We have elaborated a Eulerian model to simulate the initial stage of dust cloud formation and rising, and a Navier–Stokes model to simulate thermal rising and mixing with the ambient air. The first model is used to describe the dust cloud formation after a 500 t TNT (Trinitrotoluene equivalent) explosion. The second model based on the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method is used to predict the height of cloud rising, its mass, and the evolution of dust particles size distribution for explosions of 1–1000 t TNT. It was found that the value of the turbulent eddy viscosity coefficient (Smagorinsky coefficient) depends on both the charge mass and the spatial resolution (grid cell size). The values of the Smagorinsky coefficient were found for charges with a mass of 1–1000 t using a specific grid.

中文翻译：

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大规模商业爆破中瓦斯和尘埃云形成与上升的数值模拟

在矿山露天开采中爆破造成的岩体破裂过程中，尘埃颗粒向大气中的排放是确定露天矿附近地面空气污染的因素之一。需要使用云中的尘埃浓度数据来进行大范围爆炸的实验，该数据很难通过实验获得，因此需要计算该数据在风中的散布。我们已经建立了一个欧拉模型来模拟尘埃云形成和上升的初始阶段，并建立了一个Navier-Stokes模型来模拟热上升和与周围空气的混合。第一个模型用于描述500吨TNT（三硝基甲苯当量）爆炸后的粉尘云形成。基于大涡模拟（LES）方法的第二个模型用于预测云上升的高度，云的质量，1–1000 t TNT爆炸的粉尘粒径分布的演变。已发现湍流涡流粘度系数（Smagorinsky系数）的值取决于装料质量和空间分辨率（网格单元大小）。使用特定的网格找到质量为1–1000 t的装料的S​​magorinsky系数值。