Abstract

Today, cancer still poses a serious threat to human, but there is no exact cure. Therefore, exploring to accomplish high therapeutic performance is a challenging and urgent task. Since the nanoparticles unique properties were discovered, they have displayed promising potential for more effective therapies and have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiation therapy (RT). However, some special properties of the tumour microenvironment (TME) have seriously affected the therapeutic outcomes, so the modulation of the TME becomes critical. Manganese dioxide (MnO₂), as a transition metal oxide, has been widely used in biomedical fields with special physical and chemical properties, especially in regulating the TME. Furthermore, MnO₂ has widely applications in various cancer treatments, such as PDT, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), immunotherapy, and some specific collaborative treatment. Herein, we reviewed the recent applications of MnO₂ modified nanomaterials in tumour therapies and theranostics, including TME regulation, controlled drug loading/delivery/release, and imaging.

摘要

今天，癌症仍然对人类构成严重威胁，但没有确切的治愈方法。因此，探索实现高治疗性能是一项具有挑战性和紧迫性的任务。自从发现了纳米粒子的独特特性以来，它们在更有效的治疗方面显示出了巨大的潜力，并已广泛用于光动力治疗 (PDT) 和放射治疗 (RT)。然而，肿瘤微环境（TME）的一些特殊性质已经严重影响了治疗结果，因此TME的调节变得至关重要。二氧化锰（MnO ₂）作为一种过渡金属氧化物，具有特殊的理化性质，被广泛应用于生物医学领域，特别是在调节TME方面。此外，MnO ₂在PDT、化学动力学疗法（CDT）、免疫疗法和一些特定的协同治疗等多种癌症治疗中有着广泛的应用。在此，我们回顾了 MnO ₂改性纳米材料在肿瘤治疗和治疗诊断中的最新应用，包括 TME 调节、受控药物装载/递送/释放和成像。