Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 45, Issue 10 (Suppl. 2), Page S232-S247, October 2020.
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the associations between sleep timing (e.g., bedtime/wake-up time, midpoint of sleep), sleep consistency/regularity (e.g., intra-individual variability in sleep duration, social jetlag, catch-up sleep), and health outcomes in adults aged 18 years and older. Four electronic databases were searched in December 2018 for articles published in the previous 10 years. Fourteen health outcomes were examined. A total of 41 articles, including 92 340 unique participants from 14 countries, met inclusion criteria. Sleep was assessed objectively in 37% of studies and subjectively in 63% of studies. Findings suggest that later sleep timing and greater sleep variability were generally associated with adverse health outcomes. However, because most studies reported linear associations, it was not possible to identify thresholds for “late sleep timing” or “large sleep variability”. In addition, social jetlag was associated with adverse health outcomes, while weekend catch-up sleep was associated with better health outcomes. The quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” across study designs and health outcomes using GRADE. In conclusion, the available evidence supports that earlier sleep timing and regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times are favourably associated with health. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019119534.) Novelty This is the first systematic review to examine the influence of sleep timing and sleep consistency on health outcomes. Later sleep timing and greater variability in sleep are both associated with adverse health outcomes in adults. Regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times should be encouraged.

中文翻译：

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成人睡眠时间、睡眠一致性和健康：系统评价

应用生理学、营养和代谢，第 45 卷，第 10 期（增刊 2），第 S232-S247 页，2020 年 10 月。
本系统评价的目的是检查睡眠时间（例如，就寝时间/起床时间、睡眠中点）、睡眠一致性/规律性（例如，睡眠时间的个体差异、社交时差、追赶时间）之间的关联。睡眠），以及 18 岁及以上成年人的健康结果。2018 年 12 月在四个电子数据库中搜索了过去 10 年发表的文章。检查了 14 项健康结果。共有 41 篇文章，包括来自 14 个国家的 92 340 名独特参与者，符合纳入标准。在 37% 的研究中客观评估睡眠，在 63% 的研究中主观评估。研究结果表明，较晚的睡眠时间和较大的睡眠变异性通常与不利的健康结果有关。然而，由于大多数研究报告了线性关联，无法确定“晚睡时间”或“大睡眠变异”的阈值。此外，社交时差与不良健康结果相关，而周末补觉与更好的健康结果相关。使用 GRADE 的研究设计和健康结果的证据质量从“非常低”到“中等”不等。总之，现有证据支持较早的睡眠时间和规律的睡眠模式以及一致的就寝和起床时间与健康有利相关。（PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42019119534。） 新颖性 这是第一次系统评价，研究睡眠时间和睡眠一致性对健康结果的影响。较晚的睡眠时间和更大的睡眠变化都与成人的不良健康结果有关。