Many methods for management of mirid bugs, one of the major pest species in cotton fields, have been developed in recent decades. The use of attractive plant volatiles may be a safe and effective alternative compared with chemical pesticides. Very little is known about the responses of the bugs to some specific volatiles. In this study, the attractive effects for the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum were evaluated and compared among ethanol extracts obtained from six types of plants. The results showed that A. lucorum had the highest selection response rate to the extract from Allium tuberosum seeds and 70.51% of the adults tended to choose this odour source. Among 40 identified compounds of the volatiles comprising A. tuberosum seed extracts, diethyl phthalate and methyl levulinate had significantly higher attractive effects than that of cotton leaves, but the respective selection response rates were less than 65%. We found that when methyl levulinate and diethyl phthalate were mixed in volume ratios of 3:7 and 6:4, the selection response rates of A. lucorum for the mixtures were 54.67% and 63.65%, respectively. These response rates were significantly higher than those for the two compounds presented alone. Furthermore, the selection response rates of A. lucorum based on these mixtures reached 82.75% and 75.73%, respectively when compared with cotton leaves. The two volatile mixtures also showed a significantly higher attractive effect for Adelphocoris suturalis, with respective selection response rates at 74.58% and 77.80% when compared with cotton leaves. Moreover, the two attractants showed no difference between the responses of male and female mirid bugs. We concluded that an appropriate application of the attractants described herein has the potential to develop a safe and effective approach for the monitoring and control of mirid bugs in cotton fields.

中文翻译：

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昆虫对六种植物提取物及其挥发物的嗅觉反应

近几十年来，已经开发了许多用于管理棉田主要害虫之一的蚜虫的方法。与化学农药相比，使用有吸引力的植物挥发物可能是一种安全有效的替代方法。关于错误对某些特定挥发物的反应知之甚少。在这项研究中，评估和比较了从六种植物中提取的乙醇提取物对 mirid bug Apolygus lucorum 的吸引力。结果表明，A. lucorum对葱属植物种子提取物的选择响应率最高，70.51%的成虫倾向于选择这种气味来源。在马铃薯种子提取物挥发物的 40 种已鉴定化合物中，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和乙酰丙酸甲酯的诱人效果显着高于棉叶，但各自的选择反应率都低于65%。我们发现，当乙酰丙酸甲酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯以 3:7 和 6:4 的体积比混合时，A. lucorum 对混合物的选择响应率分别为 54.67% 和 63.65%。这些响应率显着高于单独呈现的两种化合物的响应率。此外，与棉叶相比，基于这些混合物的 A. lucorum 的选择响应率分别达到了 82.75% 和 75.73%。两种挥发性混合物对 Adelphocoris suturalis 也显示出明显更高的吸引力，与棉叶相比，它们的选择响应率分别为 74.58% 和 77.80%。此外，这两种引诱剂在雄性和雌性粉虱的反应之间没有差异。