The copulation, egg laying, embryonic development and changes in amino acids and fatty acids in Neptunea arthritica cumingii during embryogenesis were studied to understand the embryo development process and nutritional requirements in the early life phase. The results showed that N. arthritica cumingii has direct development within the egg capsule and the development of embryos was classified into five stages: cleavage, egg swallowing, protoconch forming, shell development and juvenile. Embryos develop through the provision of nurse eggs as an extra‐embryonic source of nutrition. As development continued, the body of the embryo began to coil. After about 70–80 days, young N.arthritica cumingii started to emerge through a hole underneath the capsule. Biochemical results showed that the total amount of amino acids showed a decreasing trend as embryonic development progressed. The content of all nine essential amino acids decreased significantly from the egg‐swallowing stage to the post‐larva stage (p < .05). Concentrations of five of the seven nonessential amino acids also showed a decreasing trend from the egg‐swallowing stage to the post‐larva stage; the exceptions were Ala and Gly. Gly is the only amino acid that consistently increased in concentration during the development process. Most fatty acids increased after the eggs hatched, except for C20:1, C20:2, C22:5 and C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). The data in this study may provide a starting point for the formulation of well‐balanced early‐stage larval diets, although N.arthritica cumingii is still in the exploration stage.

中文翻译：

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中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育的生殖特征和生化组成的变异

研究了黄瓜海王星在胚胎发生过程中的交配，产卵，胚胎发育以及氨基酸和脂肪酸的变化，以了解生命早期的胚胎发育过程和营养需求。结果表明，枯萎猪笼草在卵囊内直接发育，胚胎发育分为卵裂，吞卵，原生螺形成，壳发育和幼体五个阶段。胚胎是通过提供哺乳卵作为胚外营养来源而发育的。随着发育的继续，胚胎的身体开始卷曲。大约70-80天后，幼小N.arthritica cumingii开始从胶囊下面的一个洞里出来。生化结果表明，随着胚胎的发展，氨基酸的总量呈下降趋势。从吞卵期到幼虫后阶段，所有九种必需氨基酸的含量均显着下降（p <.05）。从吞卵期到幼虫后阶段，七个非必需氨基酸中的五个浓度也呈下降趋势。除了Ala和Gly。甘氨酸是在发育过程中浓度不断增加的唯一氨基酸。卵孵化后，大多数脂肪酸增加，除了C20：1，C20：2，C22：5和C22：6（二十二碳六烯酸，DHA）。尽管枯草猪笼草N.arthritica cumingii仍处于探索阶段，但本研究中的数据可能为制定均衡的早期幼虫饲料提供了起点。