Chromosome rearrangements and the way that they impact genetic differentiation and speciation have long raised questions from evolutionary biologists. They are also a major concern for breeders because of their bearing on chromosome recombination. Banana is a major crop that derives from inter(sub)specific hybridizations between various once geographically isolated Musa species and subspecies. We sequenced 155 accessions, including banana cultivars and representatives of Musa diversity, and genotyped‐by‐sequencing 1059 individuals from 11 progenies. We precisely characterized six large reciprocal translocations and showed that they emerged in different (sub)species of Musa acuminata, the main contributor to currently cultivated bananas. Most diploid and triploid cultivars analyzed were structurally heterozygous for 1 to 4 M. acuminata translocations, highlighting their complex origin. We showed that all translocations induced a recombination reduction of variable intensity and extent depending on the translocations, involving only the breakpoint regions, a chromosome arm, or an entire chromosome. The translocated chromosomes were found preferentially transmitted in many cases. We explore and discuss the possible mechanisms involved in this preferential transmission and its impact on translocation colonization.

中文翻译：

---

香蕉染色体易位伴随亚种进化

染色体重排及其影响遗传分化和物种形成的方式长期以来一直引起进化生物学家的质疑。由于它们与染色体重组有关，因此它们也是育种者的主要关注点。香蕉是一种主要农作物，它起源于各种曾经在地理上分离的芭蕉科物种和亚种之间的亚种间杂交。我们对155个种质进行了测序，包括香蕉品种和Musa多样性代表，并对11个后代的1059个个体进行了基因分型。我们精确地描述了六个大的易位，并表明它们出现在Mus acuminata的不同（亚）种中，是目前种植香蕉的主要贡献者。分析的大多数二倍体和三倍体品种在结构上杂合为1至4 M. acuminata易位，突出了它们的复杂起源。我们表明，所有易位均引起可变强度和程度的重组降低，具体取决于易位，仅涉及断点区，染色体臂或整个染色体。在许多情况下，发现易位的染色体优先传播。我们探索并讨论了这种优先传播及其对易位定居的影响的可能机制。