Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio‐temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate‐driven ocean changes.

中文翻译：

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我们准备好跟踪气候驱动型海洋物种在国际范围内的变化了吗？‐对科学海底拖网数据进行的全球调查

海洋生物群正在迅速重新分配，以应对气候变化和海洋景观的变化。尽管鱼类种群和社区结构的变化威胁着渔业的可持续性，但由于生物学观测数据不连续，缺乏数据可得性以及数据与真实物种分布之间的不匹配，我们通过跟踪和预测海洋物种进行适应的能力仍然面临挑战。为了评估这一挑战的程度，我们回顾了正在进行的科学海底拖网调查的全球地位和可及性。我们总共收集了2001年至2019年定期进行的95项调查的28​​3,925个样本的元数据。我们确定，收集到的元数据中有59％无法公开获得，着重指出，数据的可用性是评估全球气候变化下物种重新分布的最重要挑战。鉴于调查的主要目的是提供独立的数据，以提供对重要商业种群的种群评估，因此，我们进一步强调，单项调查并未涵盖主要商业水下鱼类的全部范围。平均需要进行18次调查才能涵盖至少50％的物种范围，这表明结合多个调查以评估物种范围变化的重要性。我们评估了结合调查来跟踪跨界物种重新分布的潜力，并表明可以通过时空建模来克服物种密度的重新分布，从而克服采样方案的差异和采样的不一致。根据我们的全球评估，我们建立了一个框架，以改善跨界和迁徙海洋沉没物种的管理和保护。我们提供了方向，以改善数据的可用性，并鼓励各国共享调查数据，评估物种脆弱性并在气候驱动的海洋变化时期支持管理适应。