As the main invasive plant species in the Yellow River Delta, Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) has been a great threat to local ecosystems, but there are few studies on the growth scale, habitat structural changes, and expansion pattern of S. alterniflora. In this study, the native and invasive species in the Yellow River Delta were examined for their spatiotemporal characteristics and succession patterns. First, multi‐temporal SENTINEL‐2 and LANDSAT‐8 images from 2018 were selected. A random forest algorithm was used to verify the image spectral band's significance and separability to determine the native and invasive species. Then, the spatiotemporal variation of habitat structure of the species was discussed in depth from the perspective of landscape ecology. Finally, the expansion direction and expansion mode of S. alterniflora were further analyzed. The main results obtained were as follows: (a) SENTINEL‐2 images with red‐edge bands had obvious advantages in vegetation community extraction as compared to LANDSAT‐8 images (SENTINEL‐2, OA = 82.86%, kappa coefficient = 0.79; LANDSAT‐8, OA = 78.77%, kappa coefficient = 0.74). (b) The expansion pattern of the S. alterniflora community became spatially continuous, more regularized, and aggregated over time. (c) The expansion in the north shore mainly faced toward the sea, and the south bank mainly faced toward the land, and this phenomenon was closely related to the sedimentation of the Yellow River Delta. Marginal and external expansion both occurred, but marginal expansion predominated. The results have important theoretical and scientific value for the environmental protection and sustainable development of the entire Yellow River Delta.

中文翻译：

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黄河三角洲多时相遥感影像对本地和入侵物种时空特征的评估

互花米草（S. alterniflora）是黄河三角洲的主要入侵植物，对当地生态系统构成了巨大威胁，但关于互花米草的生长规模，生境结构变化和扩展方式的研究很少。。在这项研究中，检查了黄河三角洲的本地和入侵物种的时空特征和演替模式。首先，选择了2018年的多时间SENTINEL-2和LANDSAT-8图像。使用随机森林算法来验证图像光谱带的重要性和可分离性，以确定原生物种和入侵物种。然后，从景观生态学的角度深入探讨了该物种栖息地结构的时空变化。最后，互花米草的扩展方向和扩展方式被进一步分析。获得的主要结果如下：（a）与LANDSAT-8图像相比，具有红边带的SENTINEL-2图像在植被群落提取中具有明显优势（SENTINEL-2，OA = 82.86％，kappa系数= 0.79； LANDSAT ‐8，OA = 78.77％，kappa系数= 0.74）。（b）互花米草的扩展模式随着时间的流逝，社区变得在空间上连续，更加规范化和聚集。（c）北岸的扩张主要面向大海，南岸的扩张主要面向陆地，这一现象与黄河三角洲的沉积密切相关。边际扩张和外部扩张都发生了，但边际扩张占主导。研究结果对整个黄河三角洲的环境保护和可持续发展具有重要的理论和科学价值。