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Size‐selective mortality induces evolutionary changes in group risk‐taking behavior and the circadian system in a fish
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13372
Valerio Sbragaglia 1, 2 , Jose Fernando López‐Olmeda 3 , Elena Frigato 4 , Cristiano Bertolucci 4 , Robert Arlinghaus 1, 5
Affiliation  

1. Intensive and trait-selective mortality of fish and wildlife can cause evolutionary changes in a range of life-history and behavioral traits. These changes might in turn alter the circadian system due to coevolutionary mechanisms or correlated selection responses both at behavioral and molecular levels, with knock-on effects on daily physiological processes and behavioral outputs. 2. We examined the evolutionary impact of size-selective harvesting on group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a model fish species. We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to either large or small size-selective harvesting relative to a control over five generations, followed by eight generations during which harvesting halted to remove maternal effects. 3. Size-selective mortality affected fine-scale timing of behaviors. In particular, small size-selective mortality, typical of specialized fisheries and gape-limited predators targeting smaller size classes, increased group risk-taking behavior during feeding and after simulated predator attacks. Moreover, small size-selective mortality increased early peaks of daily activity as well as extended self-feeding daily activity to the photophase compared to controls. By contrast large size-selective mortality, typical of most wild capture fisheries, only showed an almost significant effect of decreasing group risk-taking behavior during the habituation phase and no clear changes in fine-scale timing of daily behavioral rhythms compared to controls. 4. We also found changes in the molecular circadian core clockwork in response to both size selective mortality treatments. These changes disappeared in the clock output pathway because both size-selected lines showed similar transcription profiles. This switch downstream to the molecular circadian core clockwork also resulted in similar overall behavioral rhythms (diurnal swimming and self-feeding in the last hours of darkness) independent of the underlying molecular clock. 5. To conclude, our experimental harvest left an asymmetrical evolutionary legacy in group risk-taking behavior and in fine-scale daily behavioral rhythms. Yet, the overall timing of activity showed evolutionary resistance probably maintained by a molecular switch. Our experimental findings suggest that size-selective mortality can have consequences for behavior and physiological processes.

中文翻译:

尺寸选择性死亡率诱导鱼类群体冒险行为和昼夜节律系统的进化变化

1. 鱼类和野生动物的密集和特征选择性死亡会导致一系列生活史和行为特征的进化变化。由于共同进化机制或行为和分子水平的相关选择反应,这些变化可能反过来改变昼夜节律系统,对日常生理过程和行为输出产生连锁反应。2. 我们研究了大小选择性捕捞对模型鱼种的群体冒险行为和昼夜节律系统的进化影响。我们将斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) 暴露于大尺寸或小尺寸选择性捕捞,相对于五代的控制,然后是八代,在此期间停止捕捞以消除母体效应。3. 尺寸选择性死亡率影响行为的精细时间。特别是,小尺寸选择性死亡率是专门渔业和针对较小尺寸等级的目瞪口呆的捕食者的典型特征,在喂食期间和模拟捕食者袭击之后增加了群体冒险行为。此外,与对照组相比,小尺寸选择性死亡率增加了日常活动的早期峰值,并将自我进食的日常活动扩展到光相。相比之下,大多数野生捕捞渔业的典型大尺寸选择性死亡率仅显示出在习惯化阶段减少群体冒险行为的几乎显着影响,并且与对照相比,日常行为节律的精细时间没有明显变化。4. 我们还发现了分子昼夜节律核心时钟系统对两种尺寸选择性死亡率治疗的反应。这些变化在时钟输出通路中消失了,因为两个大小选择的系都显示出相似的转录谱。这种向下游分子昼夜节律核心时钟的转换也导致了类似的整体行为节律(昼夜游泳和在黑暗的最后几个小时自我进食),独立于潜在的分子钟。5. 总而言之,我们的实验收获在群体冒险行为和精细的日常行为节奏方面留下了不对称的进化遗产。然而,活动的总体时间显示出可能由分子开关维持的进化抗性。我们的实验结果表明,大小选择性死亡率会对行为和生理过程产生影响。这种向下游分子昼夜节律核心时钟的转换也导致了类似的整体行为节律(昼夜游泳和在黑暗的最后几个小时自我进食),独立于潜在的分子钟。5. 总而言之,我们的实验收获在群体冒险行为和精细的日常行为节奏方面留下了不对称的进化遗产。然而,活动的总体时间显示出可能由分子开关维持的进化抗性。我们的实验结果表明,大小选择性死亡率会对行为和生理过程产生影响。这种向下游分子昼夜节律核心时钟的转换也导致了类似的整体行为节律(昼夜游泳和在黑暗的最后几个小时自我进食),独立于潜在的分子钟。5. 总而言之,我们的实验收获在群体冒险行为和精细的日常行为节奏方面留下了不对称的进化遗产。然而,活动的总体时间显示出可能由分子开关维持的进化抗性。我们的实验结果表明,大小选择性死亡率会对行为和生理过程产生影响。我们的实验收获在群体冒险行为和精细的日常行为节奏方面留下了不对称的进化遗产。然而,活动的总体时间显示出可能由分子开关维持的进化抗性。我们的实验结果表明,大小选择性死亡率会对行为和生理过程产生影响。我们的实验收获在群体冒险行为和精细的日常行为节奏方面留下了不对称的进化遗产。然而,活动的总体时间显示出可能由分子开关维持的进化抗性。我们的实验结果表明,大小选择性死亡率会对行为和生理过程产生影响。
更新日期:2020-10-28
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