Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common developmental sensory disorder due to a loss of function within the inner ear or its connections to the brain. While successful intervention for auditory deprivation with hearing amplification and cochlear implants during a sensitive early developmental period can improve spoken‐language outcomes, SNHL patients can suffer several cognitive dysfunctions including executive function deficits, visual cognitive impairment, and abnormal visual dominance in speaking perception even after successful intervention. To evaluate whether long association fibers are involved in the pathogenesis of impairment on the extra‐auditory cognitive process in SNHL participants, we quantitatively analyzed high‐angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography‐derived fibers in participants with SNHL. After excluding cases with congenital disorders, perinatal brain damage, or premature birth, we enrolled 17 participants with SNHL aged under 10 years old. Callosal pathways (CP) and six types of cortico‐cortical association fibers (arcuate fasciculus [AF], inferior longitudinal fasciculus [ILF], inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus [IFOF], uncinate fasciculus [UF], cingulum fasciculus [CF], and fornix [Fx]) in both hemispheres were identified and visualized. The ILF and IFOF were partly undetected in three profound SNHL participants. Compared to age‐ and gender‐matched neurotypical controls (NC), decreased volumes, increased lengths, and high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values without difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) values were identified in multiple types of fibers in the SNHL group. The impairment of long association fibers in SNHL may partly be related to the association of cognitive dysfunction with SNHL.

中文翻译：

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感音神经性听力损失儿童高角分辨率扩散成像（HARDI）衍生的长联合纤维的定量分析

感音神经性听力损失 (SNHL) 是最常见的发育性感觉障碍，原因是内耳功能丧失或其与大脑的连接。虽然在敏感的早期发育阶段通过听力放大和人工耳蜗植入成功干预听觉剥夺可以改善口语结果，但 SNHL 患者可能会遭受多种认知功能障碍，包括执行功能缺陷、视觉认知障碍和言语感知中的异常视觉优势，即使在成功的干预。为了评估长联合纤维是否参与了 ​​SNHL 参与者听觉外认知过程障碍的发病机制，我们定量分析了 SNHL 参与者的高角分辨率扩散成像 (HARDI) 纤维束成像衍生纤维。在排除先天性疾病、围产期脑损伤或早产的病例后，我们招募了 17 名 10 岁以下的 SNHL 参与者。胼胝体通路（CP）和六种皮质皮质联合纤维（弓状束 [AF]、下纵束 [ILF]、下额枕束 [IFOF]、钩状束 [UF]、扣带束 [CF] 和穹窿 [Fx]) 在两个半球被识别和可视化。ILF 和 IFOF 在三个深度 SNHL 参与者中部分未被发现。与年龄和性别匹配的神经典型对照 (NC) 相比，在 SNHL 组的多种类型的纤维中发现体积减少、长度增加和表观扩散系数 (ADC) 值高，而分数各向异性 (FA) 值没有差异。