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Aspartate-β-alanine-NBAD pathway regulates pupal melanin pigmentation plasticity of ladybird Harmonia axyridis
Insect Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 , DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12877 Yi Zhang 1, 2 , Xing-Xing Wang 1, 2 , Zhu-Jun Feng 2 , Hong-Gang Tian 2 , Yi Feng 2 , Tong-Xian Liu 1, 2
Insect Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 , DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12877 Yi Zhang 1, 2 , Xing-Xing Wang 1, 2 , Zhu-Jun Feng 2 , Hong-Gang Tian 2 , Yi Feng 2 , Tong-Xian Liu 1, 2
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Phenotypic plasticity is observed in many animal species and it is effective for them to cope with many types of environmental threats. The multicolored Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis shows a cuticular pigmentation plasticity that can be rapidly induced by temperature changes, and in the form of changeable melanin spot patterns to adjust heat-absorbing. Here, H. axyridis with thermal stimulation were selected for determining the molecular regulations behind it. First, we confirmed the melanin level changes of H. axyridis pupa could be induced by temperature, and then screened the efficient time window for thermal sensing of H. axyridis pre-pupa; it is suggested that the late stage of pre-pupa (late stage of 4th instar larva) is the critical period to sense thermal signals and adjust its pupal melanin spot area size to adapt to upcoming thermal conditions. The Ha-ADC (aspartate decarboxylase) and Ha-ebony (NBAD synthase) of aspartate-β-alanine-NBAD pathway were then proved in regulation of cuticular melanization for pupa through RNA interference experiments; knockdown of these two genes enlarged the melanin spot size. Finally, we designed a random injection of Ha–ADC at different pre-pupal stages, to further study the regulation window during this process. Combined with all evidence observed, we suggested the spot size determination can be regulated very close to the time point of pupation, and genes of the aspartate-β-alanine-NBAD pathway play an important role at the molecular level. In brief, H. axyridis exhibits a flexible active physiological regulation through transcriptional modification to thermal changes.
中文翻译：
天冬氨酸-β-丙氨酸-NBAD通路调节瓢虫异色瓢虫蛹黑色素色素沉着可塑性
在许多动物物种中观察到表型可塑性，它们可以有效应对多种类型的环境威胁。五彩斑斓的亚洲瓢虫异色瓢虫表皮色素沉着可塑性，可因温度变化而迅速诱发，并以多变的黑色素斑图案的形式调节吸热。在这里，选择了具有热刺激的异色瓢虫来确定其背后的分子规则。首先，我们确认了异色瓢虫蛹的黑色素水平变化可以由温度诱导，然后筛选出异色瓢虫热感应的有效时间窗。预蛹; 建议前期前期（4龄幼虫后期）是感知热信号并调整其蛹黑色素斑面积大小以适应即将到来的热条件的关键时期。然后通过RNA干扰实验证明了天冬氨酸-β-丙氨酸-NBAD途径的Ha-ADC（天冬氨酸脱羧酶）和Ha-ebony（NBAD合酶）对蛹表皮黑色素化的调节作用；这两个基因的敲除扩大了黑色素斑点的大小。最后，我们设计了一个随机注入Ha-ADC在不同的预蛹阶段，进一步研究此过程中的调节窗口。结合观察到的所有证据，我们认为斑点大小的确定可以在非常接近化蛹的时间点进行调节，并且天冬氨酸-β-丙氨酸-NBAD途径的基因在分子水平上起重要作用。简而言之，异色瓢虫通过对热变化的转录修饰表现出灵活的主动生理调节。
更新日期：2020-10-16
中文翻译：
天冬氨酸-β-丙氨酸-NBAD通路调节瓢虫异色瓢虫蛹黑色素色素沉着可塑性
在许多动物物种中观察到表型可塑性，它们可以有效应对多种类型的环境威胁。五彩斑斓的亚洲瓢虫异色瓢虫表皮色素沉着可塑性，可因温度变化而迅速诱发，并以多变的黑色素斑图案的形式调节吸热。在这里，选择了具有热刺激的异色瓢虫来确定其背后的分子规则。首先，我们确认了异色瓢虫蛹的黑色素水平变化可以由温度诱导，然后筛选出异色瓢虫热感应的有效时间窗。预蛹; 建议前期前期（4龄幼虫后期）是感知热信号并调整其蛹黑色素斑面积大小以适应即将到来的热条件的关键时期。然后通过RNA干扰实验证明了天冬氨酸-β-丙氨酸-NBAD途径的Ha-ADC（天冬氨酸脱羧酶）和Ha-ebony（NBAD合酶）对蛹表皮黑色素化的调节作用；这两个基因的敲除扩大了黑色素斑点的大小。最后，我们设计了一个随机注入Ha-ADC在不同的预蛹阶段，进一步研究此过程中的调节窗口。结合观察到的所有证据，我们认为斑点大小的确定可以在非常接近化蛹的时间点进行调节，并且天冬氨酸-β-丙氨酸-NBAD途径的基因在分子水平上起重要作用。简而言之，异色瓢虫通过对热变化的转录修饰表现出灵活的主动生理调节。
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