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Contrasting vulnerability of monospecific and species‐diverse forests to wind and bark beetle disturbance: The role of management
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6854 Laura Dobor 1 , Tomáš Hlásny 1 , Soňa Zimová 1
中文翻译：
对比单一物种和物种多样性森林对风和树皮甲虫干扰的脆弱性：管理的作用
更新日期：2020-11-13
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6854 Laura Dobor 1 , Tomáš Hlásny 1 , Soňa Zimová 1
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- Wind and bark beetle disturbances have increased in recent decades, affecting Europe's coniferous forests with particular severity. Management fostering forest diversity and resilience is deemed to effectively mitigate disturbance impacts, yet its efficiency and interaction with other disturbance management measures remain unclear.
- We focused on Central Europe, which has become one of the hotspots of recent disturbance changes. We used the iLand ecosystem model to understand the interplay between species composition of the forest, forest disturbance dynamics affected by climate change, and disturbance management. The tested measures included (a) active transformation of tree species composition toward site‐matching species; (b) intensive removal of windfelled trees, which can support the buildup of bark beetle populations; and (c) reduction of mature and vulnerable trees on the landscape via modified harvesting regimes.
- We found that management systems aiming to sustain the dominance of Norway spruce in the forest are failing under climate change, and none of the measures applied could mitigate the disturbance impacts. Conversely, management systems fostering forest diversity substantially reduced the level of disturbance. Significant disturbance reduction has been achieved even without salvaging and rotation length reduction, which is beneficial for ecosystem recovery, carbon, and biodiversity.
- Synthesis and applications: We conclude that climate change amplifies the contrast in vulnerability of monospecific and species‐diverse forests to wind and bark beetle disturbance. Whereas forests dominated by Norway spruce are not likely to be sustained in Central Europe under climate change, different management strategies can be applied in species‐diverse forests to reach the desired control over the disturbance dynamic. Our findings justify some unrealistic expectations about the options to control disturbance dynamics under climate change and highlight the importance of management that fosters forest diversity.
中文翻译：
对比单一物种和物种多样性森林对风和树皮甲虫干扰的脆弱性：管理的作用
- 近几十年来，风和树皮甲虫的干扰有所增加，对欧洲针叶林的影响尤为严重。促进森林多样性和恢复力的管理被认为可以有效减轻干扰影响，但其效率以及与其他干扰管理措施的相互作用仍不清楚。
- 我们重点关注中欧，该地区已成为近期骚乱变化的热点地区之一。我们使用 iLand 生态系统模型来了解森林物种组成、受气候变化影响的森林干扰动态以及干扰管理之间的相互作用。测试的措施包括（a）主动将树种组成转变为与场地匹配的物种；(b) 集中清除被风吹倒的树木，因为这些树木会支持树皮甲虫种群的积累；(c) 通过修改采伐制度减少景观中成熟和脆弱的树木。
- 我们发现，旨在维持挪威云杉在森林中的主导地位的管理系统在气候变化下正在失败，并且所采取的任何措施都无法减轻干扰影响。相反，促进森林多样性的管理系统大大降低了干扰程度。即使没有打捞和减少轮换长度，也能显着减少干扰，这有利于生态系统恢复、碳和生物多样性。
- 综合和应用：我们得出的结论是，气候变化放大了单一物种和物种多样性森林对风和树皮甲虫干扰的脆弱性的对比。尽管在气候变化的情况下，以挪威云杉为主的森林不太可能在中欧持续存在，但可以在物种多样化的森林中应用不同的管理策略，以达到对干扰动态的预期控制。我们的研究结果证明了对气候变化下控制干扰动态的一些不切实际的期望，并强调了促进森林多样性的管理的重要性。
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