Cilia are microtubule‐based organelles that display diversity in morphology, ultrastructure, protein composition, and function. The ciliary microtubules of C. elegans sensory neurons exemplify this diversity and provide a paradigm to understand mechanisms driving ciliary specialization. Only a subset of ciliated neurons in C. elegans are specialized to make and release bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. The cilia of extracellular vesicle releasing neurons have distinct axonemal features and specialized intraflagellar transport that are important for releasing EVs. In this review, we discuss the role of the tubulin code in the specialization of microtubules in cilia of EV releasing neurons.

中文翻译：

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微管蛋白代码专门用于神经元纤毛释放细胞外囊泡

纤毛是基于微管的细胞器，在形态、超微结构、蛋白质组成和功能方面表现出多样性。秀丽隐杆线虫感觉神经元的纤毛微管例证了这种多样性，并提供了理解驱动纤毛特化的机制的范例。线虫中只有一部分纤毛神经元专门制造生物活性细胞外囊泡 (EV) 并将其释放到环境中。细胞外囊泡释放神经元的纤毛具有独特的轴丝特征和专门的鞭毛内运输，这对于释放 EV 很重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了微管蛋白代码在 EV 释放神经元纤毛微管特化中的作用。