Industrial-era warming and aridification have underlined the importance of past climate reconstructions in contextualizing present-day anomalies from a long-term perspective. While the issue of climate change is global, studies have long stressed the vulnerability of the Mediterranean basin, especially with regard to its islands with likely acute environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study uses paleoecological data from Mallorca to quantify climate changes during the last eight millennia. We compared and contrasted past ecosystem dynamics with recent instrumental climate data to characterize the emergence of industrial-era warming. We show that anthropogenic warming has transgressed both the rate and magnitude of natural variability. At the scale of the last 8000 years, this study highlights the uniqueness of Mallorca’s present climate and emphasizes the rapidity of current changes compared to the climate history of the island. The present-day mean annual temperature appears 3.3 ± 1.2 °C warmer than the reconstructed value for the last eight millennia, with a 33 % drop in precipitation between the last 8000 years and the industrial era. This long-term view underscores human impacts on climate in Mallorca, the fourth most populated island of the Mediterranean. It suggests that the ongoing warming and aridification trends will be a significant challenge to Mediterranean islands, at both present and future timescales.

从长期的角度来看，工业时代的变暖和干旱化强调了过去的气候重建对当今异常的背景分析的重要性。尽管气候变化问题是全球性的，但长期以来的研究都强调了地中海盆地的脆弱性，特别是在其岛屿上可能对环境和社会经济产生严重影响的脆弱性。这项研究使用了来自马洛卡的古生态数据来量化过去八千年的气候变化。我们将过去的生态系统动态与最近的仪器气候数据进行了比较和对比，以表征工业时代变暖的出现。我们表明，人为变暖已经超越了自然变异的速度和幅度。在过去8000年的规模中，这项研究强调了马略卡岛目前气候的独特性，并强调了与该岛气候历史相比当前变化的迅速性。今天的年平均温度比过去八千年的重建值高3.3±1.2°C，在最近8000年和工业时代之间，降水量下降了33％。这种长期观点强调了人类对地中海第四大人口岛马洛卡的气候的影响。它表明，在目前和将来的时间范围内，持续的变暖和干旱化趋势将对地中海岛屿构成重大挑战。比过去八千年的重建值高2°C，在过去8000年和工业时代之间，降水量下降了33％。这种长期观点强调了人类对地中海第四大人口岛马洛卡的气候的影响。它表明，在目前和将来的时间范围内，持续的变暖和干旱化趋势将对地中海岛屿构成重大挑战。比过去八千年的重建值高2°C，在过去8000年和工业时代之间，降水量下降了33％。这种长期观点强调了人类对地中海第四大人口岛马洛卡的气候的影响。它表明，在目前和将来的时间范围内，持续的变暖和干旱化趋势将对地中海岛屿构成重大挑战。