Neglected tropical diseases annually account for several million infections worldwide. Efficacious treatment for these poorly understood infectious diseases is often limited to ineffective, expensive, and toxic therapies such as the SbV used for leishmaniasis patients. Here, we review the latest discoveries and literature on the molecular pathways, cell types, and immune mediators involved in the immune response to infection with New World Leishmania spp. in humans and their interaction with the adaptive and innate immune system. Novel developments in the field of trained innate immunity and the recently described role of IL-32 are emphasized as potential immunotherapeutic treatments for the management of leishmaniasis.

被忽视的热带病每年在全球造成数百万次感染。对这些鲜为人知的传染病的有效治疗通常仅限于无效，昂贵且有毒的疗法，例如用于利什曼病患者的SbV。在这里，我们回顾了有关新世界利什曼原虫属感染的免疫反应中涉及的分子途径，细胞类型和免疫介质的最新发现和文献。人类及其与适应性和先天免疫系统的相互作用。强调了先天免疫训练领域的新发展以及最近描述的IL-32的作用，可作为治疗利什曼病的潜在免疫疗法。