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The contribution of short-wave breaking to storm surges: The case Klaus in the Southern Bay of Biscay
Ocean Modelling ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101710
Laura Lavaud , Xavier Bertin , Kévin Martins , Gael Arnaud , Marie-Noëlle Bouin

Abstract This study investigates the contribution of short-wave breaking to storm surges through a high-resolution hindcast of the sea state and storm surge associated with the extra-tropical storm Klaus. This storm made landfall in January 2009 in the Southern Bay of Biscay and produced the largest storm surges observed in this region over the last 20 years, with 1.70 m in the Arcachon Lagoon and 1.10 m in the Adour Estuary. A fully-coupled 3D modelling system, which uses a vortex force formalism to represent wave–current interactions, is applied with a spatial resolution down to 35 m in the surf zones in order to properly compute the wave-induced setup. Modelling results reveal that the wave setup contributes by up to 40 % and 23 % to the storm surge peak in the Adour Estuary and the Arcachon Lagoon respectively. Accounting for wave forces in the circulation model improves storm surge predictions by 50 to 60 %. This is explained by the dominant role played by wave forces in the momentum balance at the inlets under storm waves. Numerical experiments further reveal that the wave-induced setup can be tidally-modulated, although this phenomenon seems to be site-specific. Finally, a sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of the model grid resolution in the surf zones to correctly resolve the wave setup along open-ocean coasts. Inside the lagoon, the storm surge and wave setup are less sensitive to the grid resolution while tidal propagation cannot be accurately represented with a resolution of 1000 m, which is typically used in operational storm surge forecast.

中文翻译:

短波破碎对风暴潮的贡献:比斯开湾南部的克劳斯案例

摘要 本研究通过对与温带风暴克劳斯相关的海况和风暴潮的高分辨率后报,研究了短波破坏对风暴潮的贡献。这场风暴于 2009 年 1 月在比斯开湾南部登陆,并产生了过去 20 年来该地区观测到的最大风暴潮,在阿卡雄泻湖有 1.70 m,在阿杜尔河口有 1.10 m。一个完全耦合的 3D 建模系统使用涡力形式来表示波-流相互作用,在冲浪区应用空间分辨率低至 35 m,以便正确计算波浪诱导设置。建模结果显示,波浪设置对 Adour Estuary 和 Arcachon Lagoon 中风暴潮峰值的贡献分别高达 40% 和 23%。在环流模型中考虑波浪力可以将风暴潮预测提高 50% 到 60%。这可以通过波浪力在风暴波下入口处的动量平衡中所起的主导作用来解释。数值实验进一步表明,波浪诱导的设置可以被潮汐调制,尽管这种现象似乎是特定于地点的。最后,敏感性分析强调了模型网格分辨率在海浪区正确解析公海沿岸波浪设置的重要性。在泻湖内,风暴潮和波浪设置对网格分辨率不太敏感,而潮汐传播无法以 1000 m 的分辨率准确表示,这通常用于业务风暴潮预报。这可以通过波浪力在风暴波下入口处的动量平衡中所起的主导作用来解释。数值实验进一步表明,波浪诱导的设置可以被潮汐调制,尽管这种现象似乎是特定于地点的。最后,敏感性分析强调了模型网格分辨率在海浪区正确解析公海沿岸波浪设置的重要性。在泻湖内,风暴潮和波浪设置对网格分辨率不太敏感,而潮汐传播无法以 1000 m 的分辨率准确表示,这通常用于业务风暴潮预报。这可以通过波浪力在风暴波下入口处的动量平衡中所起的主导作用来解释。数值实验进一步表明,波浪诱导的设置可以被潮汐调制,尽管这种现象似乎是特定于地点的。最后,敏感性分析强调了模型网格分辨率在海浪区正确解析公海沿岸波浪设置的重要性。在泻湖内,风暴潮和波浪设置对网格分辨率不太敏感,而潮汐传播无法以 1000 m 的分辨率准确表示,这通常用于业务风暴潮预报。尽管这种现象似乎是特定于站点的。最后,敏感性分析强调了模型网格分辨率在海浪区正确解析公海沿岸波浪设置的重要性。在泻湖内,风暴潮和波浪设置对网格分辨率不太敏感,而潮汐传播无法以 1000 m 的分辨率准确表示,这通常用于业务风暴潮预报。尽管这种现象似乎是特定于站点的。最后,敏感性分析强调了模型网格分辨率在海浪区正确解析公海沿岸波浪设置的重要性。在泻湖内,风暴潮和波浪设置对网格分辨率不太敏感,而潮汐传播无法以 1000 m 的分辨率准确表示,这通常用于业务风暴潮预报。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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