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A century of U.S. beach nourishment
Ocean & Coastal Management ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105406
Nicole Elko , Tiffany Roberts Briggs , Lindino Benedet , Quin Robertson , Gordon Thomson , Bret M. Webb , Kimberly Garvey

Abstract This study analyzed decadal and regional trends in one type of shore protection method: beach nourishment, since its beginning in the U.S. nearly 100 years ago. While strategies such as managed retreat may be more feasible in the long-term, beach nourishment is a dominant method of shore protection in the U.S. today. During the last century, the beaches of over 475 U.S. communities have been restored with over 1.5 billion cubic yards (cy) (1.2 billion cubic meters (m3) of sand. Over 3200 individual nourishment events have occurred with many communities renourishing multiple times. Six states account for over 83% of the total volume of sand placed on beaches: California, Florida, New Jersey, North Carolina, New York, and Louisiana. New Jersey has been the most productive state in terms of sand volume per linear foot (meter) of shoreline, but has placed less than 3 cy along each foot (7 m3/m) of its oceanfront coasts annually. Growth in sand volume placed has been exponential over the last century, with the total annual volume of sand placed on U.S. beaches increasing to 37 million cy (28 million m3) per year in the last decade. Regionally, long-term beach management programs in California, Florida, and Louisiana reveal that despite significant differences in motivation, timelines and funding mechanisms, similarities are long-term beach management plans and dedicated funding sources at local, state, and/or federal levels.

中文翻译:

一个世纪的美国海滩营养

摘要 本研究分析了近 100 年前在美国开始使用的一种海岸保护方法:海滩营养的十年和区域趋势。虽然从长远来看,管理撤退等策略可能更可行,但海滩滋养是当今美国海岸保护的主要方法。上个世纪,美国超过 475 个社区的海滩恢复了超过 15 亿立方码 (cy) (12 亿立方米 (m3) 的沙子。发生了 3200 多起个人营养事件,许多社区多次恢复营养。六各州占海滩沙总体积的 83% 以上:加利福尼亚、佛罗里达、新泽西、北卡罗来纳、纽约和路易斯安那。就每线性英尺(米)的沙量而言,新泽西州一直是产量最高的州) 的海岸线,但每年沿其海滨海岸的每英尺 (7 m3/m) 放置不到 3 cy。在上个世纪,沙子的放置量呈指数增长,在过去十年中,美国海滩上每年放置的沙子总量增加到 3700 万立方米(2800 万立方米)。从区域来看,加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州和路易斯安那州的长期海滩管理计划表明,尽管在动机、时间表和资金机制方面存在显着差异,但在地方、州和/或联邦层面的长期海滩管理计划和专门的资金来源方面存在相似之处. 在过去十年中,海滩每年增加到 3,700 万立方米(2,800 万立方米)。从区域来看,加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州和路易斯安那州的长期海滩管理计划表明,尽管在动机、时间表和资金机制方面存在显着差异,但在地方、州和/或联邦层面的长期海滩管理计划和专门的资金来源方面存在相似之处. 在过去十年中,海滩每年增加到 3,700 万立方米(2,800 万立方米)。从区域来看,加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州和路易斯安那州的长期海滩管理计划表明,尽管在动机、时间表和资金机制方面存在显着差异,但在地方、州和/或联邦层面的长期海滩管理计划和专门的资金来源方面存在相似之处.
更新日期:2021-01-01
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