Well-balanced and timed metabolism is essential for making a high-quality egg. However, the metabolic framework that supports oocyte development remains poorly understood. Here, we obtained the temporal metabolome profiles of mouse oocytes during in vivo maturation by isolating large number of cells at key stages. In parallel, quantitative proteomic analyses were conducted to bolster the metabolomic data, synergistically depicting the global metabolic patterns in oocytes. In particular, we discovered the metabolic features during meiotic maturation, such as the fall in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) level and the active serine-glycine-one-carbon (SGOC) pathway. Using functional approaches, we further identified the key targets mediating the action of PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) on meiotic maturation and demonstrated the control of epigenetic marks in maturing oocytes by SGOC network. Our data serve as a broad resource on the dynamics occurring in metabolome and proteome during oocyte maturation.

均衡和适时的新陈代谢对于制作优质鸡蛋至关重要。然而，支持卵母细胞发育的代谢框架仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们获得了体内小鼠卵母细胞的时间代谢组谱通过在关键阶段分离大量细胞来成熟。同时，进行定量蛋白质组学分析以支持代谢组学数据，协同描绘卵母细胞的整体代谢模式。特别是，我们发现了减数分裂成熟过程中的代谢特征，例如多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 水平的下降和活性丝氨酸-甘氨酸一碳 (SGOC) 途径。使用功能方法，我们进一步确定了介导 PUFA 花生四烯酸 (ARA) 对减数分裂成熟作用的关键目标，并证明了 SGOC 网络对成熟卵母细胞中表观遗传标记的控制。我们的数据可作为有关卵母细胞成熟过程中代谢组和蛋白质组动态的广泛资源。