It is well documented today that pesticides, used in crop production, may modulate the immune system of healthy fish. However, there is still only limited information regarding the effects of these anthropogenic stressors in conjunction with natural stressors (pathogens), on the innate immune responses of freshwater fish. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to compare the innate immune response of two groups of fish (Rhamdia quelen), naturally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, exposed and unexposed to a non-lethal concentration of chlorantraniliprole (CAP) insecticide (0.0 and 1.3 μg/L/24 h). Unhealthy fish exposed to CAP showed significant higher total leukocyte counts and neutrophils percentage compared to non-exposed infected fish). However, the monocytes and eosinophils percentage significantly decreased in fish exposed to CAP. Furthermore, lysozyme activity values measured in plasma, skin mucus, gill and intestine significantly reduced in fish exposed to CAP. The CAP-induced immunomodulation may interfere on the ability of the animal to heal or fight the infection, and possible contribute to the spread of bacterial infection in fish production or environment.

今天有充分的文献记载，农作物生产中使用的农药可能会调节健康鱼类的免疫系统。但是，关于这些人为应激源与自然应激源（病原体）结合对淡水鱼的先天免疫反应的影响的信息仍然有限。因此，本研究的目的是比较自然感染了嗜水气单胞菌的两组鱼类（Rhamdia quelen）的先天免疫应答，暴露于和未暴露于非致命浓度的氯氰菊酯（CAP）杀虫剂（0.0和1.3μg/ L / 24 h）。与未暴露的受感染鱼相比，暴露于CAP的不健康鱼显示出明显更高的总白细胞计数和中性粒细胞百分比。然而，暴露于CAP的鱼的单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞百分比显着降低。此外，暴露于CAP的鱼的血浆，皮肤粘液，腮和肠中测得的溶菌酶活性值明显降低。CAP诱导的免疫调节可能会干扰动物治愈或抵抗感染的能力，并可能导致细菌感染在鱼类生产或环境中传播。