Abstract National parks and other forms of protection ensure the natural values in the European Union. However, a significant part of protected areas is under agricultural cultivation, and the two sectors have been kind of opponents to each other for a long time. In the last 50 years, because of various socio-economic changes, the European and Hungarian agricultural policies had opposing concepts and goals, even related to protected areas. In our work, we identified the policy and institutional changes, examined their effects, and the conflicts that accompanied them by exploring the area of Kiskunsag National Park (KNP) in Hungary. Based on literature and document review, in-depth interviews, GIS, and statistical analysis, we present the main reasons and symptoms of the two sectors' counter-interest. We found that farming objectives and agricultural subsidies have an essential influence on nature conservation. In contrast, the KNP as an institution has less and less control over the landscape management of conservation areas. The historical turning points have fundamental impacts on the behavior of local actors. The changing macro-conditions cause unbalanced relations between nature conservation and agriculture, which could endanger valuable close-to-nature landscapes. We conclude that the coexistence of agricultural production and nature conservation can be improved, but it will require the equal treatment and independence of sectors, comprehensive policy coordination, complex spatial planning, and paradigmatic change in support to agricultural communities and conservationists. The linkages between these two policy areas will increasingly determine sustainable land use management in the future, thus protecting natural values not just in Hungary, but in the EU and other countries too.

中文翻译：

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从过去半个世纪的社会经济变化看自然保护与农业——来自匈牙利国家公园的案例研究

摘要 国家公园和其他形式的保护确保了欧盟的自然价值。然而，保护区很大一部分是农业种植，长期以来，这两个部门一直是相互对立的。近50年来，由于各种社会经济变化，欧洲和匈牙利的农业政策有着对立的概念和目标，甚至与保护区有关。在我们的工作中，我们通过探索匈牙利 Kiskunsag 国家公园 (KNP) 地区，确定了政策和制度变化，检查了它们的影响以及伴随它们的冲突。基于文献资料查阅、深度访谈、GIS 和统计分析，我们提出了两个行业对立的主要原因和症状。我们发现农业目标和农业补贴对自然保护有重要影响。相比之下，作为一个机构，KNP 对保护区景观管理的控制越来越少。历史转折点对当地行为者的行为有着根本性的影响。不断变化的宏观条件导致自然保护与农业之间的不平衡关系，这可能危及宝贵的亲近自然景观。我们的结论是，农业生产和自然保护的共存可以得到改善，但这需要部门的平等对待和独立、全面的政策协调、复杂的空间规划以及支持农业社区和保护主义者的范式变革。