Direct writing is a unique means to align anisotropic particles for the fabrication of textured ceramics by templated grain growth (TGG). We show that alignment of tabular barium titanate (BT) template particles (20–40 μm width and 0.5–2 μm thickness) in a PIN-PMN-PT matrix powder (d₅₀ = 280 nm) is significantly improved during direct writing using anisotropic nozzles at high printing rates. The particle orientation distribution in as-printed filaments, and the texture orientation distribution in sintered ceramic filaments are shown to directly correlate with COMSOL Multiphysics-predicted torque distributions for direct writing with aspect ratio 2, 3 and 5 oval nozzles. Electromechanical strain properties of the textured piezoelectric ceramics significantly improved relative to random ceramics when printed with anisotropic nozzles. Simulations of aspect ratio 20 nozzles and nozzles with interior baffles demonstrate significantly increased torque and near elimination of constant shear stress cores (i.e. plug flow).

直接书写是一种独特的方法，可以通过模板化晶粒生长（TGG）来对齐各向异性颗粒，以制造纹理陶瓷。我们显示了PIN-PMN-PT基质粉末中的片状钛酸钡（BT）模板颗粒（宽度20–40μm，厚度0.5–2μm）的排列（d ₅₀ 在使用各向异性喷嘴以高打印速率进行直接写入的过程中，280 nm（= 280 nm）明显改善。显示出印刷长丝中的颗粒取向分布和烧结陶瓷长丝中的织构取向分布与COMSOL Multiphysics预测的扭矩分布直接相关，这些扭矩分布用于纵横比分别为2、3和5的椭圆形喷嘴。当用各向异性喷嘴印刷时，纹理化压电陶瓷的机电应变性能相对于无规陶瓷显着提高。纵横比为20的喷嘴和带有内部挡板的喷嘴的仿真表明，扭矩显着增加，恒定剪切应力核心（即柱塞流）几乎消失了。