Abstract This paper proposes a leader multi-follower optimization for energy transactions in the multi-microgrid systems. The transactions of microgrids with the distribution network operator can be provided by energy internet. The distribution network operator can buy/sell energy from/to the microgrids. The upper-level of the optimization is modeled as a multi-objective optimization in which the profit of distribution network operator, independence performance, and energy not supplied of the system have been optimized using the lexicography approach. In the lexicography approach, two-steps for objectives are defined. In the first step, the profit of the distribution network operator is maximized, while the independence performance index and energy not supplied of system have been optimized in the second step. In the lower-level, microgrids are considered as followers to minimize their costs. The uncertainty of renewable generation and market prices are applied to the model using scenario-generation and scenario-reduction technique. The proposed non-linear bi-level model is transformed to the linear single-level optimization using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and strong duality theorem. The proposed model is tested on the standard case study and the results show the efficiency of the proposed model in terms of independence index, energy not supplied, and greenhouse gas emissions.

中文翻译：

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考虑独立性能指标的多微电网系统动态交互能量：一个多目标优化框架

摘要 本文针对多微电网系统中的能源交易提出了一种领导者多跟随者优化方法。微电网与配电网络运营商的交易可以由能源互联网提供。配电网络运营商可以从/向微电网购买/出售能源。上层优化建模为多目标优化，其中配电网运营商的利润、独立性能和系统未提供的能量已使用词典方法进行优化。在词典编纂方法中，定义了目标的两个步骤。第一步，使配电网运营商的利润最大化，而第二步优化了系统的独立性能指标和未提供能量。在下层，微电网被视为追随者，以最大限度地降低其成本。使用情景生成和情景还原技术将可再生能源发电和市场价格的不确定性应用于模型。使用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker 最优条件和强对偶定理将所提出的非线性双层模型转化为线性单层优化。所提出的模型在标准案例研究上进行了测试，结果表明所提出的模型在独立性指数、未提供能源和温室气体排放方面的效率。使用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker 最优条件和强对偶定理将所提出的非线性双层模型转化为线性单层优化。所提出的模型在标准案例研究上进行了测试，结果表明所提出的模型在独立性指数、未提供能源和温室气体排放方面的效率。使用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker 最优条件和强对偶定理将所提出的非线性双层模型转化为线性单层优化。所提出的模型在标准案例研究上进行了测试，结果表明所提出的模型在独立性指数、未提供能源和温室气体排放方面的效率。