Steam gasification enables the thermochemical conversion of solid fuels into a medium calorific gas that can be utilized for the synthesis of advanced biofuels, chemicals or for heat and power production. Dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification is at present the technology applied to realize gasification of biomass in steam environment at large scale. Few large-scale DFB gasifiers exist, and this work presents a compilation and analysis of the data and operational strategies from the six DFB gasifiers in Europe. It is shown that the technology is robust, as similar gas quality can be achieved despite the differences in reactor design and operation strategies. Reference con-centrations of both gas components and tar components are provided, and correlations in the data are in-vestigated. In all plants, adjusting the availability and accessibility to the active ash components (K and Ca) was the key to control the gas quality. The gas quality, and in particular the tar content of the gas, can conveniently be assessed by monitored the concentration of CH4 in the produced gas. The data and experience acquired from these plants provide important knowledge for the future development of the steam gasification of biomass.

中文翻译：

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生物质的蒸汽气化——源自工业规模工厂的典型气体质量和操作策略

蒸汽气化能够将固体燃料热化学转化为中等热量的气体，可用于合成先进的生物燃料、化学品或用于热电生产。双流化床（DFB）气化是目前在蒸汽环境下大规模实现生物质气化的技术。很少有大型 DFB 气化炉存在，这项工作对欧洲 6 个 DFB 气化炉的数据和运营策略进行了汇编和分析。表明该技术是稳健的，因为尽管反应器设计和操作策略存在差异，但仍可实现相似的气体质量。提供了气体成分和焦油成分的参考浓度，并研究了数据中的相关性。在所有植物中，调整活性灰分组分（K 和 Ca）的可用性和可及性是控制气体质量的关键。气体质量，特别是气体的焦油含量，可以通过监测产生的气体中 CH4 的浓度来方便地评估。从这些工厂获得的数据和经验为生物质蒸汽气化的未来发展提供了重要的知识。