Abstract Climate change adaptation measures and practices may induce fundamental changes i.e. transformations in socio-ecological systems. Adaptation that intentionally aims for transformation is often intended to increase benefits and synergies with other broader societal development goals such as sustainability. Adaptation measures also have possible unintended negative effects that, in the case of system transformations, may be difficult to reverse. This study seeks to identify characteristic features of the adaptation processes that may result in agri-food system transformations. We introduce an integrated framework to identify these features and ‘adaptation activity spaces’, and apply this framework to the Nordic context, analysing stakeholder interviews that integrated serious gaming. The results show how transformations may result from adaptation measures targeted towards climate risks with an objective of changing either current practices or surrounding supportive structures. This study addresses reasons why transformative adaptation is not occurring in Nordic agri-food systems and presents novel information that may contribute to policymaking and further research needs on transformations in relation to adaptation decision-making.

中文翻译：

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确定农业食品系统变革性适应的综合框架

摘要 气候变化适应措施和实践可能会引起根本性的变化，即社会生态系统的转变。有意实现转型的适应通常旨在增加与其他更广泛的社会发展目标（如可持续性）的收益和协同作用。适应措施也可能产生意想不到的负面影响，在系统转型的情况下，可能难以逆转。本研究旨在确定可能导致农业食品系统转型的适应过程的特征。我们引入了一个综合框架来识别这些特征和“适应活动空间”，并将这个框架应用于北欧环境，分析整合了严肃游戏的利益相关者访谈。结果显示了针对气候风险的适应措施如何导致转变，其目标是改变当前的做法或周围的支持结构。本研究解决了北欧农业食品系统未发生变革性适应的原因，并提供了可能有助于政策制定和进一步研究与适应决策相关的变革需求的新信息。