Abstract Enhancing consideration of the ecosystem services concept within decision-making calls for integration of local knowledge and data within assessments to capture context-specific spatial and thematic detail. This paper demonstrates how local knowledge and (biophysical, sociocultural, economic) data can be integrated within ecosystem service assessments by use of well-established spatial quantification methods. We hypothesise that ecosystem services can be spatially quantified at high spatial and thematic detail by integration of local knowledge and data within models, contributing to identification of key factors that influence their delivery. We demonstrate this by making use of local knowledge and data to assess ecosystem services in the Hoeksche Waard, a Dutch municipality characterised by historically-rich cultural landscapes and predominant agriculture. Ecosystem services assessed include crop production, air quality regulation, human health, pest control, soil biodiversity, sociocultural values, property value. Quantification methods were selected based on their suitability for modelling ecosystem services given particular resource endowments (i.e., time, data, knowledge). Methods implemented include look-up tables, causal relationships, expert elicitation, primary data extrapolation, and regression models. Maps displaying the distribution of ecosystem services at high spatial resolution (10 × 10 m) enabled identification of factors that influence their delivery, including the distribution and typology of natural elements, ecological pressures that require mitigation, and the distribution of inhabitants that act as ecosystem service beneficiaries. For instance, the distribution and typology of field margins plays a key role in the suppression of pests (aphids) by natural enemies (hoverflies, carabids, coccinellids). Air quality regulation (i.e. particulate matter retention) is highest in the northeast sector of the municipality given higher concentrations of particulate matter that require mitigation due to the area's proximity to the cities of Rotterdam and Dordrecht. Contributions by natural elements to human health and property value are prominent in villages, where most inhabitants and thus built-up property are concentrated.

中文翻译：

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荷兰 Hoeksche Waard 为空间量化生态系统服务而整合当地知识和数据

摘要 在决策中加强对生态系统服务概念的考虑，需要在评估中整合当地知识和数据，以捕捉特定环境的空间和主题细节。本文展示了如何通过使用完善的空间量化方法将地方知识和（生物物理、社会文化、经济）数据整合到生态系统服务评估中。我们假设生态系统服务可以通过在模型中整合本地知识和数据在高空间和主题细节上进行空间量化，有助于识别影响其交付的关键因素。我们通过利用当地知识和数据来评估 Hoeksche Waard 的生态系统服务来证明这一点，一个以历史悠久的文化景观和主要农业为特征的荷兰自治市。评估的生态系统服务包括作物生产、空气质量调节、人类健康、虫害防治、土壤生物多样性、社会文化价值、财产价值。量化方法的选择是基于它们对给定特定资源禀赋（即时间、数据、知识）的生态系统服务建模的适用性。实施的方法包括查找表、因果关系、专家启发、原始数据外推和回归模型。以高空间分辨率（10 × 10 m）显示生态系统服务分布的地图能够识别影响其交付的因素，包括自然元素的分布和类型、需要缓解的生态压力、以及作为生态系统服务受益者的居民分布。例如，田地边缘的分布和类型在抑制天敌（飞蝇、carabids、瓢虫）害虫（蚜虫）方面起着关键作用。由于该地区靠近鹿特丹和多德雷赫特市，需要缓解的颗粒物浓度较高，因此该市东北部的空气质量监管（即颗粒物保留）最高。自然元素对人类健康和财产价值的贡献在大多数居民和建筑财产集中的村庄尤为突出。田地边缘的分布和类型在抑制天敌（飞蝇、carabids、瓢虫）害虫（蚜虫）方面发挥着关键作用。由于该地区靠近鹿特丹和多德雷赫特市，需要缓解的颗粒物浓度较高，因此该市东北部的空气质量监管（即颗粒物保留）最高。自然元素对人类健康和财产价值的贡献在大多数居民和建筑财产集中的村庄中尤为突出。田地边缘的分布和类型在抑制天敌（飞蝇、carabids、瓢虫）害虫（蚜虫）方面发挥着关键作用。由于该地区靠近鹿特丹和多德雷赫特市，需要缓解的颗粒物浓度较高，因此该市东北部的空气质量监管（即颗粒物保留）最高。自然元素对人类健康和财产价值的贡献在大多数居民和建筑财产集中的村庄尤为突出。靠近鹿特丹和多德雷赫特市。自然元素对人类健康和财产价值的贡献在大多数居民和建筑财产集中的村庄中尤为突出。靠近鹿特丹和多德雷赫特市。自然元素对人类健康和财产价值的贡献在大多数居民和建筑财产集中的村庄尤为突出。