Pathogenic RNA viruses continue to emerge owing to their rapid evolutionary rates. The family of the Flaviviridae contains enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that include mosquito borne viruses such as dengue virus and the blood-borne hepatitis C virus. Upon infection, the genomic viral RNA needs to first compete with a sea of host mRNAs for host ribosomes that synthesize the viral proteins. Then, the positive-sense template needs to be amplified and packaged into newly assembled virions. To accomplish these tasks, the virus subverts several biochemical machineries from the host. The participation of specific structures in the viral RNA mediates specific RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions that dictate many viral subversion strategies. In this review, we shall focus on the various mechanisms by which RNA elements in the dengue virus and hepatitis C virus untranslated regions aid the viral infectious cycle and contribute to viral fitness.

由于其快速的进化速度，致病性 RNA 病毒不断出现。黄病毒科含有包膜、单链、正义 RNA 病毒，包括蚊媒病毒，如登革热病毒和血液传播的丙型肝炎病毒。感染后，基因组病毒 RNA 需要首先与大量宿主 mRNA 竞争合成病毒蛋白的宿主核糖体。然后，正义模板需要被放大并包装成新组装的病毒粒子。为了完成这些任务，病毒破坏了宿主的几个生化机器。病毒 RNA 中特定结构的参与介导了特定的 RNA-RNA 和 RNA-蛋白质相互作用，这决定了许多病毒颠覆策略。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注登革热病毒和丙型肝炎病毒非翻译区域中的 RNA 元件有助于病毒感染周期和促进病毒适应性的各种机制。